Flowers allow some plants (angiosperms) to reproduce w/out water Plant Reproduction Flowers allow some plants (angiosperms) to reproduce w/out water
Most flowers have 4 basic parts. petals pistil/ carpel stamen sepals
Some floral structures are nonessential; they are not required for reproduction. petals colorful, protect , attract pollinators sepals leaf-like structures; protect the flower bud
Some floral structures are essential for reproduction to occur. stamens male organs, produce sperm in pollen grains pistil/ carpel female organ, produces egg(s)
Stamens are made of 2 parts. anther produces pollen filament supports anther
Pistils ( ) are made of 3 parts. stigma Receives/catches pollen style connects stigma to ovary ovary produces egg(s)
Identify the structures in this flower. petal stigma pistil style anther stamen filament Where is the ovary? Where are the sepals?
When pollen lands on the stigma, this process is called pollination. A pollen tube grows and the sperm migrate to the egg. The sperm fertilizes the egg.
Pollinators include insects, birds, and wind.
Flowers & Pollinators Wind pollination - not very efficient; produce vast amounts of pollen; ex. Oak trees Animal-pollinated plants have traits, such as bright colors and sweet nectars.
The egg and sperm unite in a process called fertilization. The egg and sperm become one new cell called a zygote. The zygote begins to grow and develops into a seed. zygote zygote
As the seed develops, the ovary grows into a fruit. This means that anything you eat with a seed(s) is a ripened ovary.
Flower to Fruit
Different fruits Fleshy fruits - apples, grapes, melons, tomatoes, squash, cucumbers Dry fruits – peanuts, walnuts, wheat, barley, corn, rice
Examples of ripened ovaries.
Which of these are fruits (ripened ovaries)? Hint: If it has a seed, it’s a fruit.
Seed Dispersal By animals – Seeds contained in sweet, fleshy fruits. Seeds are covered with tough, protective coatings
By wind & water Seeds are typically lightweight
Seeds with wings
Seeds with spikes