The Stomach

G. Stomach a. J shaped b. Slightly on left side of body

c. Functions 1) Mechanical breakdown, 3 layers of powerful muscle

Functions 2) Chemical breakdown (acid/enzyme)

Gastric Juices Hydrochloric acid - (HCl) a strong acid that breaks down pepsin Pepsin – enzyme that breaks down proteins Mucus – lubricates materials and protects the stomach lining

Chyme Soft pulp of partially digested proteins, carbohydrates, and fats

Functions 3) Storage (holds up to about 1 gallon)

Kobayashi Worlds greatest eater! 5’7’’ 130lbs

Kobayashi 18 pounds of cow brains in 15 min 53 hot dogs and buns in 12 min 20 pounds of rice in 30 min

Kobayashi Once ate at an all you can eat buffet and gained 26 pounds at one sitting!!

Regions of the Stomach

Regions of the Stomach Fundus – top, dome-shaped part

Regions of the Stomach Body – large middle section

Regions of the Stomach Pyloric region – funnel shaped end of stomach

Pyloric Sphincter e. Valve that controls the chyme leaving the stomach

Rugae f. Inside folds and wrinkles

Inside Stomach

Ulcers g. Open sores in the stomach walls

Small Intestine

H. Small Intestine Main digestive organ, absorbs nutrients

Size a. 2.5 cm wide and 7 meters long

3 Main Parts jejunum ileum duodenum

c. Duodenum First 10 inches after stomach

Duodenum

Duodenum Contains bile duct and pancreatic duct

Bile Yellow-green liquid Comes from the liver to neutralize acid Emulsifies fat Adds color to feces

d. Jejunum About 8 feet long Bulk of nutrient absorption

Jejunum

e. Ileum About 12 feet long Connects to large intestine

ilium

3 Main Parts

f. Villi Fingerlike projections that line inside of small intestines

Villi increase surface area for better absorption

Villi Nutrients diffuse into the arteries and veins in each villi

Large Intestine

I. Large intestine a. (colon) absorbs water

Large intestine b. Contains lots of bacteria Over 500 different good bacteria

Bacteria Supplies B and K vitamins Release gases as they ferment particles, 500 ml a day

Size c. 6 cm wide and 1.5 meters long

Large Intestine

d. Ileocecal valve One way valve between ileum and cecum

e. Cecum Pouch that receive digestive liquid from S.I.

f. Appendix Worm like structure, no function

f. Appendicitis Inflamed appendix from infection and blockage

g. Colon Ascending = goes up Transverse = across Descending = goes down Sigmoid = bending part

Colonoscopy

h. Rectum Collects and expels feces, very muscular

i. Anus – exit of digestive system Two anal sphincters - Interior = involuntary - Exterior = voluntary

J. Digestive Issues a. Diarrhea - NOT enough water absorbed by colon

Digestive Issues b. Constipation - TOO much water absorbed by the large intestine

Digestive Issues c. Hemorrhoids - Large veins inflamed in rectum and anus