Byzantine Chant.

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Presentation transcript:

Byzantine Chant

Chant vs. Song

Byzantine After Byzantium,the Greek city that became Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. The term is used by historians to refer to a particular time and place.

Complicated and clandestine; full of intrigues. byzantine Complicated and clandestine; full of intrigues.

Ancient Origins Music of the Angels Monasticism The Three Teachers Sakellarides Roubanis

ήχος - echos tone or mode? Octoechos Eight Tones

First Tone Second Tone Third Tone Fourth Tone Plagal First Tone Plagal Second Tone Grave Tone Plagal Fourth Tone

Byzantine Rhythm One note per syllable. (heirmologic style) Short melisma, 2-4 notes per syllable. (sticheraric style) Ornamented long melismas. (papadic style)

Meter Based on text. Accented syllables to unaccented syllables Meter Based on text. Accented syllables to unaccented syllables. Frequent changes of meter. 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, and 6/4 Tempo Based on situation and nature of hymn.

Not just whole steps and half steps. The Scale (Genos) 8 Steps = Octave Scale 5 Steps = Pentachord 4 Steps = Tetrachord 3 Steps = Trichord Micro-tunings Not just whole steps and half steps.

In Notation: A fixed note system Byzantine: Western: In Notation: A fixed note system In Practice: “Slightly Moveable NI”

Diatonic Genre First Tone Plagal Fourth Tone Base Note - (Ison) Natural ascending Flatted descending Plagal Fourth Tone Base Note - (Ison)

Third Tone and Grave Tone Enharmonic Genre Third Tone and Grave Tone

Second Tone and Plagal Second Tone Chromatic Genre Second Tone and Plagal Second Tone Hard Chromatic Scale on NI Hard Chromatic Scale on PA Lower Tetrachord Upper Tetrachord

Soft Chromatic Scale Base Note in 4th Tone Base Note in 2nd Tone Slightly flat Flat when melody descends to C Base Note in 4th Tone Base Note in 2nd Tone

Modulations: A melody may modulate to another genre, not to another key. Word Painting: The melodic line follows the character of the words.

Melodic Formulas Based Upon Syllabic Patterns Most important identifying feature of a Tone. Accented syllable gets downbeat, higher pitch, added length, or melisma (extra notes.) Incorrect Correct (ton KY - ri - on…)

Incorrect Correct

Cadence Formulas Incorrect Correct

Stan and Nancy Takis takistan@yahoo.com newbyz.org