The Duel For North America 1608 - 1763 Pageant Chapter 6

1a. New France (1608) Britain’s rival for the world’s most powerful nation-state lands on North American soil not long after Jamestown King Louis XIV sends Samuel de Champlain to establish New France Quebec is the name of the first French settlement in the New World; located in present-day Canada Unlike the British, the French were quite good at making friends with the Natives. Champlain connects with the Huron Native tribe by helping them fight their foes, the Iroquois Using “lightning sticks” (guns), the French will make enemies that will come back to haunt them…

King Louis XIV

Samuel de Champlain

1b. New France France has now set up a base in Quebec They begin to fan out Robert de la Salle explores the Mississippi River as far down as New Orleans in the late 1600s France’s Caribbean Islands were warm and fertile but Canada was snowy and cold Beaver Fur would become New France’s economic basis in Canada

New France

French Fur Trading

2a. The French-Indian War – 1754-1763 It was only a matter of time before the North American empires of Spain, England, France, and the Indians, would end up somehow conflicting with each other Three notable conflicts happened in American between the great powers of the world King William’s War (1689-1697) – Britain vs. France Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713) – Britain vs. France War of Jenkins’s Ear (1744-1748) – Britain vs. Spain Of all the conflicts, one was especially pivotal, the French-Indian War…

2b. The French-Indian War – 1754-1763 The war started over issues in the Mississippi River Valley in the 1750s btw. Britain and France George Washington, during this time was just a land surveyor in VA, staked out vast land claims in the Ohio country with about 150 men under him Washington staked land near a French fort, Duquesne. They encountered some French in the area and a battle ensued. Washington was defeated. The British summoned an intercolonial congress to meet in Albany, New York. It Is here that the British make friends with the Iroquois, who were more than happy to join up against the French who had attacked them years earlier with the Huron.

Young George Washington

“Join Or Die” by Benjamin Franklin

2b. The French-Indian War – 1754-1763 The Albany Congress expressed the need for colonial unity The delegates agreed a union was needed but the colonies rejected it The colonies were very different from each other and often disagreed on detailed issues Franklin is commenting on the lack of unity among the colonies and how that will hamper any progress to self-rule

Benjamin Franklin

2c. The French-Indian War – 1754-1763 The war soon intensifies Washington becomes the aide to General William Braddock Though they outnumber the French and Indian forces, the British are not used to sneak attacks and guerilla warfare in the wilderness of North America Prime Minister William Pitt begins to put more money into the war With their resources and with the help of the Iroquois, the British eventually win the war

2c. The French-Indian War – 1754-1763 The war soon intensifies Washington becomes the aide to General William Braddock Though they outnumber the French and Indian forces, the British are not used to sneak attacks and guerilla warfare in the wilderness of North America Prime Minister William Pitt begins to put more money into the war With their resources and with the help of the Iroquois, the British eventually win the war

2c. The French-Indian War – 1754-1763 Pitt was determined to win He chose James Wolfe to command forces that would win crucial battles against the French in Quebec and Montreal The Treaty of Paris (1763) Britain emerges as the dominant power of North America, and the world… The British had risen as the dominant power in N. America, but at the same time the colonists had gained confidence as a unified force.

British North America – Before and After the French-Indian War

3a. Consequences of the French-Indian War Before 1754: France owned Canada, nearly all of the Midwest territory, and had control of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. After 1763 – Britain owned Canada, a large part of the Midwest territory, and had control of the Miss. and Ohio Rivers. Also they traded Cuba to Spain in exchange for Florida.

3b. Consequences of the French-Indian War Unity – 20,000 colonists served in the war and after winning the war, they realized they all had something in common.

3c., d. Consequences of the French-Indian War Now that the mother hen (Britain), owns much of the western territory, the chicks (the colonists) can be free to go out there now that the hawk (the French) is gone. And they do try The British solidify their control of the Ohio Valley after defeating Pontiac, the Native chief of the Ottawa tribe. The colonials felt like they could go beyond the Appalachian Mtns. BUT…. The dreaded proclamation is passed….

3d., e. Consequences of the French-Indian War The Proclamation of 1763 stated that the colonists could not go westward beyond the Appalachian mountain range 1) British reasoning – Not to oppress the colonists, but to prevent problems with the Natives out west. 2) American interpretation – Their freedom and claims to take land that they fought for in the French-Indian War was being taken from them.

The Proclamation Line of 1763