Theoretical Models in support of RPWI

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Presentation transcript:

Theoretical Models in support of RPWI Io Ganymede Europa I. Mueller-Wodarg Imperial College London

Plasma environment Europa Ganymede Callisto Bo (nT) 370-460 64-113 4-42 Ne (cm-3) 18-250 1-10 0.01-0.70 Ti (eV) 50-400 10-100 Te (eV) 100 300 500 Orbital vel (km/s) 14 11 8 Plasma vel (km/s) 70-100 95-163 130-280 Alfvén speed (km/s) 145-700 130-1700 230-4400 Ped conductance (S) ~30 2 ~1000 Plasma freq e- (kHz) 38-140 9-28 0.9-7.5 Plasma freq ions (Hz) 260-4300 150-4200 15-7300 Ion gyroradius (km) 8-12 36-13 530-34 Pickup ion gyro-r (km) 19-15 200-110 4200-400

Atmospheres of Galilean Moons Formation: Sputtering Surface sputtering by magnetospheric ions (primary) Sputtering by ionospheric pickup ions: accelerated by corotation electric field (secondary) Loss: Thermal escape (Jeans escape) Ionization, pickup Atmospheric sputtering: trajectories outside exobase

Atmosphere properties Europa Ganymede Callisto O2 (cm-2) 2.4-14 x 1014 (1-10) x 1014 3 x 1016 (?) O (cm-2) < 1013 (?) CO2 (cm-2) 8 x 1014 Na (cm-2) 4 x 109 (5 RE) < 108 (3-6 RG) H (cm-2) 2.4 x 1012 Ionosphere ≤ 104 cm-3 (need illumination of trailing hemisph) ~102 cm-3 2 x 104 cm-3 Atmospheres & ionospheres highly variable Self-regulation: enhanced neutral densities lead to larger ionosphere densities, hence stronger currents & reduced ionospheric E-field; increases shielding & reduces sputtering

Europa Kliore et al. (1997)

Ganymede Eviatar et al. (2001)

Callisto Kliore et al. (2002)

Approaches for simulating plasma environment and atmospheres Analytical solutions not possible Atmospheres: Monte Carlo codes Plasma & magnetic environment: MHD and Hybrid models Atmosphere-magnetosphere interaction: Monte Carlo model combined with fixed B field

Moon atmosphere models Europa: Ip (1996): Europa O2 exosphere model Saur et al. (1998): neutral atmosphere and plasma interaction model for Europa Kabin et al. (1999) Liu et al. (2000) Shematovich and Johnson (2001): 1D Monte Carlo Europa oxygen model Smyth and Marconi (2006) (2D Monte Carlo model)

Moon atmosphere models Callisto Liang et al. (2005) Ganymede Yung and McElroy (1977) Purves and Pilcher (1980) Wong et al. (1999) (2D) Marconi (2007) (Multi-species, 2D)

Atmosphere-Magnetosphere Models Ganymede: Stone and Armstrong (2001) (MHD) Kopp and Ip (2002) (MHD) Paty and Winglee (2004) (Multi-fluid) Europa: Saur et al. (1998) Kabin et al. (1999) Liu et al. (2000) Zimmer et al. (2000) Schilling et al. (2007)

Other models Mercury magnetosphere hybrid model (Trávnícek et al., 2009) Enceladus, Titan?

Needs for RPWI Engineering models for moon neutral atmosphere and ionosphere densities Average B field engineering model describing vicinity of Galilean moons E field model Software for interfacing simulated RPWI with atmosphere & plasma environment models Any more?