PROPERTIES OF MATTER Physical and Chemical

All substances have properties that we can use to identify them. For example we can identify a person by their face, their voice, height, finger prints, DNA etc. The more of these properties that we can identify, the better we know the person.

In a similar way, matter has properties - and there are many of them. There are two basic types of properties that we can associate with matter. These properties are called Physical properties and Chemical properties:

What is a PHYSICAL PROPERTY of matter?

PHYSICAL PROPERTY Characteristic that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. Properties that do not change the chemical nature of matter.

PHYSICAL PROPERTY Examples: Color Shape Texture Size Taste Odor Length

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Mass and Volume Mass: the amount of matter in an object/substance g, kg Volume: The amount of space an object takes up mL or cm3

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Density the amount of matter in a certain amount of space; D= mass/volume; (g/cm3 or g/mL)

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ELASTICITY “stretchy-ness” the ability to return to original shape

ABSORBENCY Ability of a substance to “soak up” a liquid

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CONDUCTIVITY The ability of a substance to allow energy to flow through it; “conductor” or “insulator”

STATE OF MATTER @ room temperature

SPECIAL TEMPS MELTING POINT FREEZING POINT BOILING POINT CONDENSING POINT

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LUSTER “shininess” Substances can be described as Shiny or Dull

MALLEABILITY Malleable means that a substance is bendable Malleable substances can be shaped and used for tools

BRITTLENESS Beakable, crumbles

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What is a CHEMICAL PROPERTY of matter?

CHEMICAL PROPERTY Characteristics that describe how substances can form new substances. Characteristics that can ONLY be observed while the substances changes to a new substance.

COMBUSTIBILITY/ FLAMMABILITY describes how well a substance can burn

OXIDATION: REACTS WITH OXYGEN Iron rusts – forms orange substance. Silver tarnishes – forms dark gray substance. Copper – forms blue/green substance.

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pH: Acid or Base Acid=Vinegar Ammonia=Base pH test is orange/red pH test is blue/purple

REACTIVITY Reaction with acid? Reaction with H2O? Baking soda + vinegar Reaction with H2O? Sodium + water

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What do we use properties of matter for? To identify substances To compare substances To tell one substance from another