Thought-Provoker: How would you feel if you were an African-American who lived during Jim Crow & couldn’t use the same drinking fountains as whites?

Sec. 1: African Americans struggle for Equal Rights

14TH – GRANTED CITIZENSHIP RTS. TO AFRICAN AMERICANS 1. 13TH – 15TH AMENDMENTS 13TH – ABOLISHED SLAVERY 14TH – GRANTED CITIZENSHIP RTS. TO AFRICAN AMERICANS 15TH – GRANTED VOTING RTS. TO AFRICAN AMERICANS

2. What branch of government prevented their effectiveness? Judicial Branch (The U.S. Supreme Court)

3. DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING: DISCRIMINATION – TREATING 1 GROUP/PERSON DIFFERENT THAN ANOTHER SEGREGATION – SEPERATING 1 GROUP/PERSON FROM ANOTHER JIM CROW LAWS – LAWS IN THE SOUTH THAT LEGALIZED SEGREGATION

4. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): Background S.C. Ruling Impact Homer Plessy was 1/8 black and wanted to sit in an all-white railway train in New Orleans. He was arrested and convicted of violating the city’s Jim Crow Laws S.C. Ruling Ruled that the city can have separate facilities for whites and blacks as long as they were equal Came to be known as the ‘separate but equal’ doctrine’ Impact Huge setback for the civil rights of African Americans

5. What does the NAACP stand for and what are its 3 major goals? National Association for the Advancement of Colored People INCREASE PUBLIC AWARENESS EXERT PRESSURE ON CONGRESS INITIATE ACTION IN THE COURTS

Sec. 2: The Civil Rts. Movement Gains Momentum

1. Brown v. Board of Ed. (1957): Background Linda Brown was an 8 yr. old black girl who lived near an all-white school in Topeka, Kansas but had to be bused to an all-black school across town because of the city’s Jim Crow laws. Her parents sued the school district so she could go to the closer all-white school S.C. Ruling Ruled that when it came to education, their can’t be ‘separate but equal’ schools due to the severe psychological damage done to the minds of black children feeling inferior to white kids cuz they can’t go to the same schools Ordered an immediate end to segregation in schools Impact - Huge victory for the Civil Rts. Movement and served as a springboard to end discrimination in other areas of public life

Southern school districts were slow to desegregate 2. Identify 2 problems that arose after the ‘Brown’ Decision & the Fed. Government’s response to both: Southern school districts were slow to desegregate The federal courts ordered them to bus black kids to white schools and vice versa Violence arose in many southern communities between blacks and whites as the schools were forced to desegregate The federal government called in federal troops to restore order

3. Rosa Parks, Montgomery Bus Boycott: 42 yr. old black dressmaker who would not give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama. She was arrested and convicted of violating the city’s Jim Crow Laws Montgomery Bus Boycott 55,000 black people in Montgomery, Alabama decided to boycott the city’s bus system for one year in response to Rosa Parks conviction Brought national media attention to the civil rights struggle in the south

4. Martin Luther King, Jr., Civil Disobedience: 27 yr. old black Baptist minister who became the nation’s premier Civil Rights leader following the Montgomery Bus Boycott Civil Disobedience MLK’s philosophy of non-violent resistance to the southern Jim Crow Laws Law enforcement officials beat civil rts. marchers up with billy-clubs; sicked police dogs on them, & used fire hoses to break up sit-ins The strategy was to capture the white authority as violent and racist while the black civil rights marchers were peaceful It was an attempt to gain support from the more liberal population in the North and West (It worked!)

5. 1964 Civil Rts. Act: Bars arbitrary discrimination in voter registration Outlaws discrimination in public accommodations (motels, restaurants, theaters, and sports arenas) Gives the Attorney General the power to bring lawsuits to desegregate public facilities/schools Calls for the withholding of federal funds from public/private programs that discriminate Prohibits job discrimination by private employers or unions Expands the power of the Civil Rts. Commission, creates a Community Relations Service to solve racial disputes, & establishes the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

6. Why was this act successful in ending discrimination while all previous laws were not? This act (unlike all previous ones) had the backing and full support of our U.S. Supreme Court