Experimental Clinical Psychology Session III Eiko Fried Department of Clinical Psychology Leiden University www.eiko-fried.com/ECP2018
A guest … Kim de Jong is teaching on May 24 1pm sharp to 2.35pm without break
Intro Summary Biggest issues of the study What were your biggest issues with the assignment
1) Source Read the paper by Bryant et al., 2013, and review table 4.1 in Kazdin (page 79). What was the source of the idea for this study, in terms of Kazdin’s table? Briefly explain your choice. Answer Extending external validity Extension to new populations Studying exceptions
2) Control group In Table 6.1, page 140, Kazdin lists a number of possible control groups for intervention research. What type of control group, in the terms of Kazdin, did Bryant et al. (2013) use in this study?
2) Control group In Table 6.1, page 140, Kazdin lists a number of possible control groups for intervention research. What type of control group, in the terms of Kazdin, did Bryant et al. (2013) use in this study?
2) Control group In Table 6.1, page 140, Kazdin lists a number of possible control groups for intervention research. What type of control group, in the terms of Kazdin, did Bryant et al. (2013) use in this study?
2) Control group In Table 6.1, page 140, Kazdin lists a number of possible control groups for intervention research. What type of control group, in the terms of Kazdin, did Bryant et al. (2013) use in this study?
2) Control group In Table 6.1, page 140, Kazdin lists a number of possible control groups for intervention research. What type of control group, in the terms of Kazdin, did Bryant et al. (2013) use in this study? Answer: Nonspecific treatment (or attention-placebo) control group (no explanation needed) Wrong name but right explanation: still points
3a) Control group Was the type of control group a good choice for this study? Explain your answer. Notes: We were getting at yes OR no, but didn’t say this clearly enough If 2 wrong but 3a well explained, full points here
3a) Control group Was the type of control group a good choice for this study? Explain your answer. Answers: Yes, design accounts for common factors (e.g. (therapist attention, number of sessions, etc) No because there is an active element in supportive therapy [Kazdin says specifically it’s very difficult to have a psychological placebo without any active part] No because other downsides of control group (p. 2159, passive nature of the supportive counseling; -motivation)
3b) Credibility / diffusion of treatment What procedures did the investigators undertake to check whether the control condition was credible and to check for diffusion of treatment?
3b) Credibility / diffusion of treatment What procedures did the investigators undertake to check whether the control condition was credible and to check for diffusion of treatment? Answers: Treatment fidelity check (audiotapes) Credibility / Expectancy questionnaire
3b) Credibility / diffusion of treatment What procedures did the investigators undertake to check whether the control condition was credible and to check for diffusion of treatment? Answers: Treatment fidelity check (audiotapes) Credibility / Expectancy questionnaire
3b) Credibility / diffusion of treatment What procedures did the investigators undertake to check whether the control condition was credible and to check for diffusion of treatment? Answers: Treatment fidelity check (audiotapes) Credibility / Expectancy questionnaire
3c) Credibility / diffusion of treatment What did these checks show?
4a) Mechanisms On page 91, Kazdin talks about ‘mechanisms’. Although the authors have not investigated potential mechanisms in this study, discuss the potential (hypothetical) mechanism of providing emotion regulation skills prior to CBT for PTSD.
4a) Mechanisms On page 91, Kazdin talks about ‘mechanisms’. Although the authors have not investigated potential mechanisms in this study, discuss the potential (hypothetical) mechanism of providing emotion regulation skills prior to CBT for PTSD. We did not specify that you need the authors’ ideas here, so your idea is fine if well argued! What is a mechanism
4b) Study outcomes The authors (Bryant et al. 2013, p. 2159) state that their study “(…) provides tentative evidence that the efficacy of trauma-focused psychotherapy may be enhanced by preparing patients with skills in managing distress. (….) The current pattern of results raises the possibility that emotion regulation training represents one way forward to maintain patients in treatment, and may potentially facilitate treatment response in those who would otherwise not benefit from CBT.” Describe the three most important outcomes of their study, based on which the authors have drawn these conclusions.
4b) Study outcomes The authors (Bryant et al. 2013, p. 2159) state the efficacy of trauma-focused psychotherapy may be enhanced by preparing patients with skills in managing distress. emotion regulation training represents a way forward to maintain patients in treatment emotion regulation training may potentially facilitate treatment response in non-responders Describe the three most important outcomes of their study, based on which the authors have drawn these conclusions.
4b) Study outcomes The authors (Bryant et al. 2013, p. 2159) state the efficacy of trauma-focused psychotherapy may be enhanced by preparing patients with skills in managing distress. emotion regulation training represents a way forward to maintain patients in treatment emotion regulation training may potentially facilitate treatment response in non-responders Describe the three most important outcomes of their study, based on which the authors have drawn these conclusions.
4b) Study outcomes The authors (Bryant et al. 2013, p. 2159) state the efficacy of trauma-focused psychotherapy may be enhanced by preparing patients with skills in managing distress. emotion regulation training represents a way forward to maintain patients in treatment emotion regulation training may potentially facilitate treatment response in non-responders Describe the three most important outcomes of their study, based on which the authors have drawn these three conclusions.
4b) Study outcomes Lower PTSD etc at follow up The authors (Bryant et al. 2013, p. 2159) state the efficacy of trauma-focused psychotherapy may be enhanced by preparing patients with skills in managing distress. emotion regulation training represents a way forward to maintain patients in treatment emotion regulation training may potentially facilitate treatment response in non-responders Describe the three most important outcomes of their study, based on which the authors have drawn these three conclusions. Lower PTSD etc at follow up Distress ratings differ increasingly across groups More sessions / dropout
4c) Criticism Read the commentary by De Jongh and Bicanic (2014), and summarize their two most important points of critique in your own words. Answers: No difference post-treatment Difference at follow-up is due to greater relapse in supportive counceling; both conditions more relapse than previously reported Attrition higher than in other studies EMDR and imaginary exposure established treatments that are effective within a short time span
4d) Summary Given the results of Bryant et al. (2013) and the commentary by De Jongh and Bicanic (2014), what is your own scientific opinion about preparatory emotion regulation training prior to CBT for single-event PTSD?
Spurious correlations Ice cream ~ pool drownings
Spurious correlations http://www.tylervigen.com/spurious-correlations
Spurious correlations
Spurious correlations
Spurious correlations
Spurious correlations
Often, patterns in data have a different explanation https://youarenotsosmart.com/
Often, patterns in data have a different explanation
Often, patterns in data have a different explanation Pirates as holy beings
Often, patterns in data have a different explanation Somalia: lowest CO2 emissions, highest number of pirates
Often, patterns in data have a different explanation
Spurious correlations
Different room next time
Break