This Month in Gastroenterology Jan Tack, John M. Carethers  Gastroenterology  Volume 131, Issue 3, Pages 691-693 (September 2006) DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.07.039 Copyright © 2006 American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Influence of transanal irrigation or conservative bowel management on constipation, incontinence, and bowel dysfunction in 87 spinal cord injury patients. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation at the end of a 10-week treatment period. *P < .05 compared with conservative bowel management. Gastroenterology 2006 131, 691-693DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2006.07.039) Copyright © 2006 American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Hepcidin expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue is related to (A) BMI and to (B) CRP. Hepcidin and CRP mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR and normalized to a reference mRNA in 34 subjects (9 lean controls and 25 obese patients). Positive correlations were found using the Spearman’s rank correlation test between hepcidin expression and the BMI of the patients and between hepcidin and CRP expressions. Gastroenterology 2006 131, 691-693DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2006.07.039) Copyright © 2006 American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Vγ7+ iIELs confer protection to Toxoplasma gondii infection. (A and B) Normal appearance of epithelial tight junction complexes in Vγ1−/− mice obtained 1 hour after peroral infection with Toxoplasma were stained with anti-occludin (A) and claudin3 (B) antibodies. Arrowheads in (A) identify localization of anti-occludin antibody staining at the apical surface of villus epithelia, similar to wild-type mice. (C) Vγ7+ iIELs protect against Toxoplasma invasion. TCRδ−/− mice were transfused with bulk (AT-γδ), Vγ7+ (AT-Vγ7+), or Vγ7− (AT-Vγ7−) iIELs from non-infected wild-type mice, and 5-6 weeks later were infected orally with yellow fluorescent protein labeled RH tachyzoites from T gondii. One hour later, the small intestine was removed, snap-frozen, and sectioned for UV microscopy to quantitate parasites. Values shown represent the average number (±SEM) of parasites per infected villi obtained from 4-6 animals in each group. (D) Comparable levels of iIEL reconstitution in TCRδ−/− mice by Vγ7+ and Vγ7− iIELs. Sections of small intestines from TCRδ−/− mice reconstituted with Vγ7+ (AT-Vγ7+) or Vγ7− (AT-Vγ7−) iIELs were stained with anti-CD3 or – TCRγδ specific antibodies and the number of stained cells per villus counted microscopically. Data shown were collated (±SEM) from counting stained cells in at least 30 villi per section on a minimum of 5 sections per tissue sample from 4–6 mice. *P < .05. Gastroenterology 2006 131, 691-693DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2006.07.039) Copyright © 2006 American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Histopathological score of crypt damage, severity, and extent of inflammation in the distal colon in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treated wild-type (WT) and adiponectin (APN) knockout (KO) mice. Data are mean ± SEM. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001. WT+water (n = 5), APN-KO+water (n = 5), WT+DSS (n = 6), APN-KO+DSS (n = 6). Gastroenterology 2006 131, 691-693DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2006.07.039) Copyright © 2006 American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute Terms and Conditions