Introduction to Biochemistry

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Biochemistry Chemistry and Living Things

Large molecules support cell functions In living things, there are four main types of large molecules: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids Made of smaller repeating units All contain carbon atoms.

Each macromolecule is a polymer made of unique monomers

Carbohydrates Provide the cell with energy Sugars bonded together into larger carbohydrate molecules Inside cells, the sugar molecules are broken down. This releases energy.

Lipids Fats, oils, and waxes Cannot mix with water Used by cells for: energy Support and structure Cellular membrane: lipid bilayer

Proteins Amino acids join together into longer chains Order of amino acids that determines the function of the protein Your body gets amino acids from proteins in food. Enzymes Control chemical reactions

Nucleic Acids 2 Types DNA RNA Hold instructions for maintenance, growth, and reproduction Made of smaller units called nucleotides

Macromolecule Stations In the groups you are sitting in, decide which individual will collect information about which molecule (there are only four, so two people might be doing the same one). Once decided, those individuals will go to their respective macromolecule station and fill in the chart. Tomorrow, the individuals will report back to their group with the information they collected.

Macromolecule Stations Today you will be reporting back to your groups the information you collected yesterday. Be sure you get every piece of information that you can.

DO NOW Take out water lab from yesterday. Open your notebook ready to take notes. Reminders: Extra Credit Due Thursday Water Lab due Friday

Two-thirds of every cell is water All of the chemical reactions inside the cell take place in water. A water molecule consists of two atoms of hydrogen bonded to one atom of oxygen (H2O). Water molecule has a slight positive charge near the hydrogen atoms and a slight negative charge near the oxygen atoms.

Water is polar

Living things are made mostly of….

Water is the Universal Solvent Many substances dissolve in water, but not all Lipids, like oil

Most lipids do not dissolve in water Cell membranes are made up of lipids Two parts: Water-loving head Water-hating tails

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