The student is expected to: 3F research and describe the history of biology and contributions of scientists; 8A define taxonomy and recognize the importance.

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The student is expected to: 3F research and describe the history of biology and contributions of scientists; 8A define taxonomy and recognize the importance of a standardized taxonomic system to the scientific community; 8B categorize organisms using a hierarchical classification system based on similarities and differences shared among groups; 8C compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals

KEY CONCEPT The current tree of life has three domains.

Classification is always a work in progress. The tree of life shows our most current understanding. New discoveries can lead to changes in classification. Until 1866: only two kingdoms, Animalia and Plantae Animalia Plantae

Classification is always a work in progress. The tree of life shows our most current understanding. New discoveries can lead to changes in classification. Until 1866: only two kingdoms, Animalia and Plantae Plantae Animalia 1866: all single-celled organisms moved to kingdom Protista Protista

Classification is always a work in progress. The tree of life shows our most current understanding. New discoveries can lead to changes in classification. Until 1866: only two kingdoms, Animalia and Plantae Animalia Protista Plantae 1866: all single-celled organisms moved to kingdom Protista 1938: prokaryotes moved to kingdom Monera Monera

Classification is always a work in progress. The tree of life shows our most current understanding. New discoveries can lead to changes in classification. Until 1866: only two kingdoms, Animalia and Plantae Protista Plantae Animalia 1866: all single-celled organisms moved to kingdom Protista 1938: prokaryotes moved to kingdom Monera Fungi 1959: fungi moved to own kingdom Monera

Classification is always a work in progress. The tree of life shows our most current understanding. New discoveries can lead to changes in classification. Until 1866: only two kingdoms, Animalia and Plantae Animalia Protista Fungi Plantae 1866: all single-celled organisms moved to kingdom Protista 1938: prokaryotes moved to kingdom Monera Archea Bacteria 1959: fungi moved to own kingdom 1977: kingdom Monera split into kingdoms Bacteria and Archaea

The three domains in the tree of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Domains are above the kingdom level. proposed by Carl Woese based on rRNA studies of prokaryotes domain model more clearly shows prokaryotic diversity

Domain Bacteria includes prokaryotes in the kingdom Bacteria. one of largest groups on Earth classified by shape, need for oxygen, and diseases caused

Domain Archaea includes prokaryotes in the kingdom Archaea. cell walls chemically different from bacteria differences discovered by studying RNA known for living in extreme environments

Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotes. kingdom Protista

Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotes. kingdom Protista kingdom Plantae

Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotes. kingdom Protista kingdom Plantae kingdom Fungi

Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotes. kingdom Protista kingdom Plantae kingdom Fungi kingdom Animalia

Bacteria and archaea can be difficult to classify. transfer genes among themselves outside of reproduction blurs the line between “species” more research needed to understand prokaryotes bridge to transfer DNA

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