To be successful today… Pull out Genetics Vocab WS Patterns of Inheritance & Punnett Squares Quiz TOM BYOD Color of the day is Phones are in put away in backpacks

To be successful today… Turn in Six Pedigree WS Pick up graded work from blue lab table (2) Patterns of Inheritance & Punnett Squares Quiz TOM BYOD Color of the day is Phones are in put away in backpacks

More symbols Half-Shaded = heterozygous not affected (recessive disorder) Completely darkened = homozygous affected Half-Darkened = heterozygous affected (dominant disorder)

Gene Labeling Gene Addresses are similar to your home address Approximate address, not exact

Turn to last page of gene labeling notes We will learn how to identify where genes are located on chromosomes. Recall…genes are sections of DNA that are transcribed/translated into a protein that is expressed as a trait. The first gene we will map is on chromosome 1 ~ Rh factor

Mapping the Location of Rh factor/ protein Address: 1 p 3 1: stands for chromosome #1 The arrow is the centromere P: top half 3: third dark band from centromere

Location of Rh factor/ protein Draw a horizontal line through both chromosomes to map the location. (Anywhere in the 3rd band) Label the line “Rh factor” Rh factor

Try to map the gene for Eye shape on chromosome #3 Check with a neighbor to see if you are correct!!!

Did you get it??? Remember… anywhere in the 3rd band is okay Eye Shape

You are now ready to map and label the remaining genes Recall…polygenic traits are located on several different chromosomes. This means that you will have 4 chromosomes labeled “Eye Color Pigment,” 4 chromosomes labeled “Growth hormone tallness,” and 3 chromosomes labeled “ Hair color”

Map and Label the Remaining Genes on your paper This means that you only need to map the locations for genes located on chromosomes 9, 15, 19 and 23 (both the male and female) Please note that some chromosomes may have more than one gene located on it

What about those polygenic traits?? Recall that when more than one chromosome contributes to the trait, it is considered polygenic Polygenic traits have several allele combinations resulting in a wide range of phenotypes Let’s look at eye color located on chromosomes 15 & 19

Eye color pigment Brown eye genes are on chromosome 19. Brown is dominant to blue and green. BB, Bb, or bb Green eye color is located on chromosome 15. Green is dominant to blue, but recessive to brown. GG, Gg, gg Let’s combine these alleles and identify the resulting phenotypes

Eye color pigment Brown - BB gg, BB Gg, BB GG, Bb gg, Bb Gg, Bb GG Green - bb GG, bb Gg Blue - bb gg

You try it!!!! What eye color would result from BbGG?? Brown What about bbGg? Green

Hair color works the same way Genes for hair color are located on chromosomes 15, 18, 19 & 21 This means there are 8 alleles that contribute to the trait. The more dominant H alleles, the darker the hair. To be platinum blonde, an individual must inherit all 8 recessive alleles!!!

Hair color genes Look at chromosome #21 on your gene labeling notes Notice all the possible combinations for hair color! Look around the classroom. This is why there are so many variations in hair color ~ it’s POLYgenic!!!

Go ahead and create genotypes for eye & hair color on your genetic history WS Remember, you need 2 alleles for each chromosome number Fill in the corresponding phenotype

Human height works a little differently Genes for height are located on chromosomes 13,14, 16 & 17 This means there are 8 alleles that contribute to the trait

Human height works a little differently If a male inherits all recessive alleles, his genotype would be tt tt tt tt his height would be 5’4” This is called the base height For each dominate allele he inherits, 2” are added to his base height

Human height works a little differently EX: TT tt tt tt What would his height be? You guessed it…. 5’8” The 2 dominant alleles added 4” to his height

Let’s see how female height is different If a female inherits all recessive alleles, her genotype would be tt tt tt tt her height would be 5’0” For each dominate allele she inherits, 2” are added to her base height

Human height works a little differently EX: TT TT tt tt What would her height be? You guessed it…. 5’8” The 4 dominant alleles added 8” to her height

Go ahead and create genotypes for height on your genetic history WS Remember, you need 2 alleles for each chromosome number You’ll fill in the corresponding phenotype when you find out if your genetic history is for a female or male

Your Karyotype should similar to this: You are ready to map the genotypes from your genetic history onto your karyotype When you draw the line, one allele should appear on one chromosome and the other allele on the other chromosome…remember, alleles segregate during gamete formation in meiosis Your Karyotype should similar to this:

Example Female Karyotype

Choose 2 colors, one light & one dark In each chromosome pair, randomly color one chromosome the light color (this one came from your mom) and the other, the dark color (this one came from your dad). When you are done, your karyotype should look similar to this…

During meiosis, chromosomes segregate This means there’s a 50/50 chance that a chromosome will end up in the gamete. For each pair of chromosomes, flip a coin to determine which chromosome will be passed on to baby. Repeat for ALL chromosomes. Heads –circle light color & Tails – circle dark color

Cut out the chromosome that was determined by the flip of the coin to be inherited by your baby. Make sure the color and allele are clearly visible after you have cut out the chromosome. Glue the chromosomes onto baby’s karyotype. Make sure the pair of chromosomes labeled as Pair 1 is glued down in the 1st space, etc. for ALL chromosomes.

Build-A-Baby Workshop Write your baby’s genotypes and phenotypes on the Baby’s Genetic History WS and answer the questions. Papers must be stapled in the following order:  Baby’s Probabilities Baby’s Genetic History WS Baby’s Karyotype Mom & Dad’s Genetic History WS (2 pgs) Baby’s Picture – in color

Growth hormone - tallness The gene for growth hormone is found on chromosome 17, and the gene for growth hormone receptor is found on chromosome 5. Differences in these genes can result in higher or lower levels of growth hormone production, or stronger or weaker responses to the presence of growth hormone, all of which can result in height variation.