SCIENCE JOLT Nov 16 7. 1. 2. 2. 6. Match the numbers to the correct letter: A. P-wave B. S-wave C. Inner Core D. Outer Core E. P-wave Shadow F. S-wave.

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SCIENCE JOLT Nov 16 7. 1. 2. 2. 6. Match the numbers to the correct letter: A. P-wave B. S-wave C. Inner Core D. Outer Core E. P-wave Shadow F. S-wave Shadow G. Epicenter 3. 3. 4. 5.

Plate Tectonics The Continental Puzzle

Alfred Wegener 1880-1930 Not the first to notice that continents fit, but the first to seek and find supporting evidence for his hypothesis of “Continental Drift.”

Wegener hypothesized that the continents had once been a “super-continent” which he called “Pangea” “Pangea” “All Land”

He also hypothesized that the continents began to break up 200 MYA, and then drifted to their present day locations.

Evidence 1. Matching Fossils Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus were land reptiles. Mesosaurus lived in fresh water lakes and shallow bays. Glossopteris seeds, not likely to have blown or floated across the ocean.

Land Bridges?

Evidence 2. Rock Types Matching types of rocks: Appalachians and Mountains in British Isles and Scandinavia – same age, same rock type.

Evidence 3. Ancient Climates Glaciers leave scratches and grooves in bedrock when they move. Glaciers don’t move from sea onto land. Evidence 3. Ancient Climates Areas that are now tropical were once covered with glaciers. At the same time, N America used to be tropical, as evidenced by vast coal deposits.

Theory of Continental Drift Fossil Evidence REJECTED Geologic Evidence Climate Evidence No explanation for a push/pull force to cause motion of the continents.

Rejection of Wegener’s Hypothesis Wegener died at age 50 while on an expedition in Greenland At the time of his death, no one believed his hypothesis.

Scientists began using SONAR to exploring ocean floor. Early 1900s Scientists began using SONAR to exploring ocean floor. SOund NAvigation Ranging Sound waves bounce off ocean floor and return to ship. The longer they take to return, the deeper the water.

Deep Ocean Trenches and Mid-Ocean Ridges

Deep Ocean Trenches Form deepest parts of the Ocean Marianas Trench – Over 11 Km deep Found mainly around the rim of the Pacific Ocean Some in Indian Ocean and Atlantic Ocean

Mid-Ocean Ridges First thought to be only in the center of the Atlantic Ocean Over 70,000 Km long, and 1,000-4,000 Km wide Longest feature on Earth’s Surface Often have a long central valley, called a Rift Valley In Iceland, it rises above surface of ocean.