Elements and the Periodic Table Table of Contents Introduction to Atoms Organizing the Elements Metals Nonmetals and Metalloids Radioactive Elements

Introduction to Atoms Dalton’s Model Dalton thought that atoms were smooth, hard balls.

Introduction to Atoms Thomson’s Model Thomson suggested that atoms had negatively charged electrons set in a positive sphere. Each electron is represented by the symbol e−.

Introduction to Atoms Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment Rutherford was surprised that a few particles were deflected strongly. Which are the paths of the particles that were not predicted by Thomson’s atomic model?

Introduction to Atoms Rutherford’s Model According to Rutherford’s model, an atom was mostly open space. The “6+” in the model means that there are six protons in the nucleus.

Introduction to Atoms Use the diagrams to compare the expected and observed results of Rutherford’s gold foil experiment.

Introduction to Atoms Bohr’s Model Niels Bohr suggested that electrons move in specific orbits around the nucleus of an atom.

Introduction to Atoms Cloud Model Electrons move rapidly in different directions around the nucleus.

Introduction to Atoms Modern Model of an Atom A carbon atom has a nucleus made up of positively charged protons and neutral neutrons. The nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.

Introduction to Atoms Particles in an Atom An atom is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. What is the correct charge for each atomic particle?

Introduction to Atoms Isotopes of Carbon All isotopes of carbon contain 6 protons. They differ in the number of neutrons. What is the missing information for each isotope?

Organizing the Elements Mendeleev’s Periodic Table In his periodic table, Mendeleev left blank spaces. He predicted that the blank spaces would be filled by elements that had not yet been discovered. He even correctly predicted the properties of those new elements.

Organizing the Elements Silicon The entry for silicon (Si) in the periodic table looks like this.

Organizing the Elements Potassium Potassium has an atomic number of 19 and an atomic mass of 39.098 amu. Bananas are rich in potassium.

Organizing the Elements The Periodic Table The periodic table is one of the most valuable tools to a chemist.

Organizing the Elements Elements of Period 3 The properties of the Period 3 elements change as you move across the period. Which of these are Metal? Metalloid? Nonmetal?

Organizing the Elements Element Scramble

Organizing the Elements Elements of Group 10 The elements of Group 10 include nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), and darmstadtium (Ds).

Metals Recycling Metals Recycling helps conserve energy and reduces the amount of waste in landfills.

Metals Metals Many of the objects around you contain metals. What are the objects that will set off the metal detector?

Metals Classifying Metals Where are the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals on the periodic table?

Metals Melting Points in a Group of Elements The graph shows the melting points of the Group 1 elements, or the alkali metals.

Metals Classifying Metals Where are the transition metals and the lanthanides and actinides on the periodic table?

Nonmetals and Metalloids Properties of Metals and Nonmetals What are the properties of metals and nonmetals?

Nonmetals and Metalloids The Families Containing Nonmetals

Nonmetals and Metalloids Classifying Nonmetals Where are the nonmetals in Group 14 and Group 15 on the periodic table?

Nonmetals and Metalloids Classifying Nonmetals Where are the nonmetals in Group 16 and Group 17 on the periodic table?

Nonmetals and Metalloids Classifying Nonmetals Where are the noble gases and hydrogen on the periodic table?

Nonmetals and Metalloids Classifying Metalloids Where are the metalloids on the periodic table?

Nonmetals and Metalloids Portion of the Periodic Table What are the chemical symbols of the nonmetals? How are the remaining elements classified?

Nonmetals and Metalloids Alien Periodic Table Where do the alien names go on the periodic table?

Radioactive Elements Trying to Turn Lead Into Gold What are the points in Lucy's argument?

Radioactive Elements Radioactive Decay Radioactive elements give off particles and energy during radioactive decay. What is the change (if any) that occurs in an unstable nucleus during each form of radioactive decay?

Radioactive Elements The Effects of Nuclear Radiation The three main types of nuclear radiation vary in their ability to penetrate materials. Use the key to complete the paths of the alpha particle, beta particle, and gamma ray emitted by the radioactive sample.

Radioactive Elements Half-Lives of Some Radioactive Isotopes

Radioactive Elements Radioactive Tracers Phosphorus-32 added to soil is absorbed through a plant’s roots. The tracer can be detected in any plant structures in which phosphorus is used. What is happening in each figure?