Properties of Solutions

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Presentation transcript:

Properties of Solutions Chapter 11

The Energies of Solution Section 11.2 A solution is formed when the solute becomes completely dispersed throughout the solvent Solubility depends on two major factors: Intermolecular forces Natural tendency for objects to spread out as much as possible

Solvation of NaCl The solvation process occurs when the intermolecular forces between solvent-solute are greater than that of solute-solute:

NaCl vs. Hexane Why doesn’t NaCl dissolve in nonpolar solvents such as hexane, C6H14?

Energy Changes and Solution Formation Hsoln = H1 + H2 + H3

Factors Affecting Solubility Section 11.3 The stronger the intermolecular forces between solute and solvent (as opposed to solute-solute), the greater the solubility Ex: NaCl/H2O vs. C6H12O6/H2O I2/H2O vs. I2/Benzene What intermolecular forces exist and which have the greatest magnitude?

Solutions of Liquids (Miscibility) Essentially follows the rule that "like dissolves like" Dipole-dipole interactions between solvent and solute determine the miscibility of liquids butanol/H2O  soluble diethyl ether/H2O  only slightly soluble

Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)