Honors Biology Monkemeier Friday, January 18, 2019

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Honors Biology Monkemeier Friday, January 18, 2019 Steps of Translation Honors Biology Monkemeier Friday, January 18, 2019

Initiation Large subunit and small subunit of the ribosomes come together. When the subunits come together they form a “stage” with 2-3 “seats” mRNA threads itself in between the large and small subunits. A tRNA carrying Methionine checks its anticodon to the codon on the mRNA. The anticodon and codon are complementary to each other.

Initiation – What is not shown?

Initiation Complete

Elongation Another tRNA carrying an amino acid matches its anticodon complementary to the codon on the mRNA. A peptide bond is formed between methionine and the new amino acid. The Ribosome moves over one codon on the mRNA. The original tRNA carrying methionine goes away. Another tRNA carrying an amino acid comes in and matches its anticodon complementary to the codon on the mRNA (newly exposed) A peptide bond forms between the two amino acids. The ribosome moves over one codon PROCESS CONTINUES

Elongation

Termination A stop codon appears in the “A” site on the ribosome. tRNA carrying the polypeptide falls off. The large and small subunits of the ribosome break apart. A newly formed polypeptide strand is formed.

Protein Formation Remember that there are four levels of protein structure. Translation forms the first level of protein structure – the polypeptide chain Secondary structure involves hydrogen boding of the chain to form alpha helix or beta pleated sheet Tertiary structure includes more bonding between the chain – Ex: Sulfur bridges Quarternary structure: several chains together.