Why did the South lose the war—but take four years to do it? The obvious Northern advantages: *much larger population (22 million to 9 million—4 of which were enslaved) *significantly greater production—New York itself produced 4 x that of the entire Confederacy

But . . . The South had many natural advantages Stronger military tradition Significantly more talented officers The natural defender’s advantage “home field” advantage A clearer cause (in 1861) Slave labor stayed at home The North was, initially, unwilling to use its own advantages