Introduction to Genetics

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Genetics! The study of heredity.
Advertisements

Genetics.
Introduction to Genetics Ms. Lazzaro. Heredity ► passing characteristics from parent to offspring (children) ► Fertilization-male and female gametes combine.
Genetics Chapter 9.1. Genetics Genetics - the study of genes and heredity.
Genetics. Genetics – branch of biology that deals with patterns of inheritance, or heredity. Heredity- biological process by which parents pass on genetic.
Mendelian Genetics. Vocabulary Terms 1.Allele- different forms of a gene 2.Phenotype- observable trait or characteristic 1.I.e. Green eyes, black hair.
1 Father of genetics. Studied traits in pea plants.
Introduction to Genetics and Heredity Hypotheses about genes In the 1800’s scientist argued between two hypothesis regarding genes and how they are passed.
INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS
Introduction to Genetics Genetics = the study of heredity Objectives: E2 - Summarize Mendel’s principle of dominance, identify where the genes that control.
Mendel: Fundamentals of Genetics
1 Vocabulary Review GENETICS. 2 Study of how characteristics are transmitted from parent to offspring GENETICS.
Genetics = The study of heredity/how characteristics are passed from parents to offspring.
+ Intro to Genetics Mrs. MacWilliams Biology. + Objectives 1. Describe how homologous chromosomes carry the same genes, but may be different alleles.
Heredity, Genetics and DNA Understanding the CODES.
Introduction to Genetics. Are some traits more common in men or women?  Human chromosomes exist in pairs: 23 pairs for a total of 46 chromosomes  The.
Mendelian Genetics. Gregor Mendel a monk that taught natural science to high-schoolers - interested in how traits are passed on -Bred snow pea plants.
1 Vocabulary Review GENETICS. 2 Study of how characteristics are transmitted from parent to offspring GENETICS.
Genetics Review 23 How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
1 Mendelian Genetics. Genetic Terminology copyright cmassengale 2 Heredity – passing of traits from parent to offspring Trait – any characteristic that.
Introduction to Genetics “the study of heredity”.
Is the scientific study of heredity Heredity: characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring –Ex: Height, eye color… Founding father: Gregor.
Introduction to Heredity
Introduction to Genetics
Aim: How were traits discovered?
Why we look the way we look...
6.3 Mendel and Heredity.
CHAPTER 9 Human Genetics
Mendelian Genetics.
“Why We Look the Way We Do”
Mendel…….. The Father of Genetics
Vocabulary and Monohybrid Crosses
Why we look the way we look...
Punnett Square Notes.
Gregor Mendel Experimented with pea plants and discovered some patterns of inheritance Genetic Inheritance = passing genetic information from one generation.
OPEN YELLOW BOOK TO PAGE
GENETICS.
Intro to genetics.
Genetics - study of heredity Gregor Mendel is the first
MODULE 8: GENETICS Day 1 of 7 Phenotype rap
GENETICS Basic Heredity
Genetics Vocabulary You need to know these!!!.
Genetics.
Mendel’s Laws of Heredity-Why we look the way we look...
Vocabulary Review GENETICS.
Human Genetics Pp
Understanding Inheritance
Genetics The scientific study of heredity
Objective 3.03 Interpret and Predict Patterns of Inheritance
All organisms are made out of cells
Genetics.
Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics
Introduction to Genetics
Why we look the way we look...
Mendel and Inheritance of Traits Notes
Introduction to Genetics
How many total chromosomes make up who you are?
C-Notes: Modern Genetics
Unit 3 – Genetics Mendelian Genetics.
SB2. Students will analyze how biological traits are passed on to successive generations Using Mendel’s laws explain the roles of meiosis in reproductive.
Genetics.
Heredity Chapter 11.
Fundamental Genetics.
Chapter 11: Introduction to Genetics Mendel and Meiosis
Mendel’s Laws of Heredity
Introduction to Genetics
Genes + Alleles = Traits
Mendelian Genetics Ch. 6.
Chapter 11: Introduction to Genetics 11-1 The Work of Gregor Mendel
All organisms are made out of cells
Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Genetics HB p. 97

How are traits passed from parent to offspring? A. Traits Traits are physical or physiological characteristics of an organism Ex. Height or blood type Picky Eater????

How are traits passed from parent to offspring? A. Traits 2. The term phenotype is used to describe the physical expression of the trait Ex. Short/tall or Type A/Type B

Chemical basis of traits DNA is the molecule that contains the information to make proteins, which control our traits

Chemical basis of traits 2. A section of DNA that is used to make a protein is called a gene. There are many genes (hundreds) on a single chromosome.

Discuss! How are the following terms related? gene, DNA, chromosome

Chemical basis of traits 3. Eukaryotic organism’s chromosomes exist in pairs. One is inherited from the sperm and one is inherited from the egg. Each chromosome, in a pair, contains genes for the same traits. This is why we call them homologous pairs.

Chemical basis of traits 4. Although the genes on homologous chromosomes may code for the same trait, slight differences in the DNA sequences may lead to different forms of the protein.

Chemical basis of traits This creates slightly different versions of the same trait. Each version is called an allele. Ex. Blue and brown are two alleles of the eye color trait.

Fill It In … Draw a homologous pair of chromosomes showing a different allele for eye color on each:

Chemical basis of traits 5. Genotype is the term used to describe the combination of alleles present in an organism’s chromosomes. An allele is usually represented by a single letter. Thus a genotype is usually represented by two letters.

Chemical basis of traits If an individual inherits identical copies from each parent the individual is considered homozygous (pure breeding) Ex. AA or aa If an individual inherits a different copy from each parent the individual is considered heterozygous (hybrid) Ex. Aa

Fill It In … WORD HELP: Pheno - ________________ Geno - _________________ Homo - _________________ Hetero - _________________

Check Yourself! Give an example (not in the notes) of a human trait. What is a phenotype? From where did you get each of the chromosomes in the homologous pair? What is an allele? What is a genotype?

How was the path of inheritance discovered … in a garden in Austria! A. Gregor Mendel The father of genetics Using pea plants, Mendel proved experimentally the link between meiosis, genes, and inheritance (long before we knew about DNA!) He developed 3 basic conclusions:

1. The Principle of Dominance Certain alleles (forms of a trait) can hide/mask other alleles. These alleles are called dominant alleles and are represented by a capital letter (A). The alleles that may be hidden are called recessive alleles and are represented by the lower case of the same letter (a)

The Principle of Dominance Thus, homozygous dominant is AA and will express the dominant phenotype. Heterozygous individuals are Aa and will also express the dominant phenotype. Only homozygous recessive (aa). individuals will express the recessive phenotype

Fill It In … Draw a picture of a dominant and recessive trait. Write the possible genotypes under each:

2. The Principle of Segregation Alleles are not passed in pairs from one parent to an offspring. Each parent only donates half of each offspring’s genotype (typically one allele per trait).

The Principle of Segregation This is because during meiosis only one of each homologous pair of chromosomes is passed to the gamete (sperm or egg)

Fill It In … Based on the parent cell: A a What are the possible gametes (after segregation in meiosis)? A a

3. The Principle of Independent Assortment The way one pair of chromosomes is separated during meiosis does not affect the way the next pair separates.

The Principle of Independent Assortment A gene for one trait is only passed in connection with a gene for a different trait if the two genes are on the same chromosome. Genes on separate chromosomes are passed independently of each other.

Fill It In … Mendel’s Three Laws: D_______________ S_______________

Check Yourself! Name Mendel’s three principles of heredity: What cell process allows the principle of segregation to take place? When would a gene for one trait be passed with a gene for a different trait?