Optical Data Storage By Ken Tatebe 2004.11.1.

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Presentation transcript:

Optical Data Storage By Ken Tatebe 2004.11.1

Outline Basic Technology CD: Properties and Capabilities DVD: Comparison to CD What’s makes DVD’s better? Comparison to other contemporary data storage technologies Future directions

First Optical Storage Techniques Writing systems represent the first optically based data storage methods, replacing oral records. Storage Capacity: ~ 0.01 byte / mm2

20th Century: The Compact Disc Patented in 1970 by James T. Russell as a means for durable audio data storage. First digital optical data storage; inspired by punch cards and magnetic storage devices. Mass production starts in 1985 by Philips and Sony. Gives practical use to Reed – Solomon Error Correction. Data Density: ~ 1Mbyte/mm2

Tracking and Error Correction Diagonally astigmatic lens coupled with quadrant photocell. Difficult to keep focus stable across all freq. 1 mm surface spot size due to high NA Reed - Solomon correction codes Over-sampled polynomial using data as coefficients

DVD: Improvements to CD Feature DVD CD Substrate Dia./Thick. 120 x 1.2 mm Sides 1 or 2 1 Layers per side Capacity (GB) 4.7, 8.54, 9.4, 17 0.7 Track Pitch (micron) 0.74 1.6 Min pit length (micron) 0.44 0.83 Linear scan velocity 3.6 m/s 1.3 m/s Laser wavelength 635 nm 780 nm Numerical Aperture .6 .45 Modulation 8 to 16 8 to 17 Spot Size 1058 nm 1733 nm

Road to the DVD Innovations: Dual layer Increased numerical aperture Decreased depth of focus Signal to noise Tracking Data Density: ~7 MByte/mm2

Dual Layer Technology Benefits Detriments Increased durability Increased capacity Detriments Decreased S/N Decreased data density

Numerical Aperture NA = n sin(q/2) Spot size = l/NA

Depth of Focus DoF = l/NA2 Determines spacing of layers Affects S/N; places an upper limit on NA.

Noise Tolerances Coma Aberrations Laser more stable at -135 db/Hz Eccentricity 100 micron down from 140 micron Surface aberration of 0.033 l down from 0.07 l

Hard drives

Future Data Disc Advances

Non-linear Upgrades 2 – Photon absorption to decrease depth of field for more layers Magnetic Super-Resolution: 100 nm spot size. Separate layers by narrow spectral response. Shorter wavelength (freq. doubled?)

Volumetric Storage “K – Vector” Addressing: a.k.a. Holographic addressing 2 beam intersection: issues with reaching diffraction limits Interferometer based path length addressing

References Optical Data Storage. Coufal, Hans, Geoffrey Burr: International Trends in Optics, 2002. DVD Focus Control. Lincoln, Bo: Lecture notes. Smith, Steven W. The Scientist and Engineer’s Guide to Digital Signal Processing. San Diego: California Technical Publishing, 1997. Usbyte.com Pioneer.co.jp Optical-disk.com Hecht, Eugene. Optics. Reading: Addison Wesley Longman, 1998. Magnetic Super Resolution: Fujitsu.