Chapter 3.3: Cell Membranes Chapter 3: Cells Section 3: Cell Membrane Unit 6: Cell Biology Chapter 3.3: Cell Membranes

Quick Review on Organelles Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Agenda for Today Do Now! Quick Review on Organelles Protein Production QUIZ! Cell Membrane

Good Posters and Presentations! Chapter 3: Cells Section 3: Cell Membranes Good Posters and Presentations! The cat loved your posters!

Do Now! Chapter 3: Cells Section 3: Cell Membrane Carolyn and Nouman are giving a presentation about cell organelles. To help the students understand the function of organelles, they describe the cell by using the analogy that the cell is a factory. Using the picture below, which part should Carolyn and Nouman describe as the generator (or powerplant) that powers the factory, and why? Possible answers: •  Organelle 1: this structure controls all activities of the cell. •  Organelle 2: this structure packages and delivers proteins and lipids. •  Organelle 3: this is where cellular respiration occurs. •  Organelle 4: this is where photosynthesis occurs.

Supports organelles and gives the cell structure. Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Cytoskeleton “cyto” = “cell” Supports organelles and gives the cell structure. 3 different components: microtubules, intermediate filaments, & microfilaments. Found in Animals and Plants Found only in Eukaryotes

Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles

Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles The Cytoskeleton

Protein Production Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Protein Production A number of organelles work together to make and deliver proteins. Nucleus -> Ribosome -> Rough ER -> Golgi Body -> Vesicle -> final destination. We will use an analogy to describe this process, so be patient.

“nucleus” = “kernel” (just like “karyon”) Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Nucleus “nucleus” = “kernel” (just like “karyon”) Stores and protects genetic material (DNA) Surrounded by a double membrane with many pores, called the nuclear envelope. Nucleolus is the site of ribosome assembly.

Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles

“ribo” comes from RNA (ribonucleic acid). “soma” = “body” Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Ribosome “ribo” comes from RNA (ribonucleic acid). “soma” = “body” Has 2 major parts, a large and a small subunit. In-between the subunits is RNA Links amino acids together to form proteins.

Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles

Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles 3-D View of Ribosome

“endo” = “inside”; “plasma” = “fluid”; “reticulum” = “net” Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum “endo” = “inside”; “plasma” = “fluid”; “reticulum” = “net” 2 major sections: Rough and Smooth ER Rough ER is the site of protein synthesis Smooth ER is the site of lipid synthesis (fat, hormones, etc.) ER is an extension of the nuclear envelope

Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles

Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum

Shaped like a stack of long flattened sacks. Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Golgi Apparatus Named after Camillo Golgi, the Italian scientist who first identified it. Shaped like a stack of long flattened sacks. Packages and ships out/in proteins and other macromolecules. Creates vesicles and lysosomes.

Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles

Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Golgi Apparatus (bloop bloop)

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“lyse” = “to break apart”; “soma” = “body” Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Lysosome “lyse” = “to break apart”; “soma” = “body” Digests worn-out organelles and other cell parts. Breaks down viruses, bacteria, and other foreign bodies. Full of digestive enzymes and acids.

Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles

Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Lysosome Production

“mito” = “thread”; “chondros” = “granule” Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Mitochondria “mito” = “thread”; “chondros” = “granule” Site of cellular respiration The “powerhouse of the cell” Breaks down pyruvate(glucose) and makes ATP (cell energy).

Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles

Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum

“chloros” = “green; “plastis” = “one who forms” Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Chloroplast “chloros” = “green; “plastis” = “one who forms” Site of photosynthesis. Converts light energy into chemical energy (glucose).

Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles

“kentros” = “center”; “ole” = “little”. Help organize microtubles. Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Centriole “kentros” = “center”; “ole” = “little”. Help organize microtubles. Serves as an anchor for spindle fibers (during mitosis). Helps form cilia and flagella. Always occur in pairs, called a “centrosome”

Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles

“Vacuus” = “empty” ; “-ole” = “small” Membrane bound Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Vacuole “Vacuus” = “empty” ; “-ole” = “small” Membrane bound Stores water, food, and other important molecules Found in Animals and Plants

Found both in Animals and Plants Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Vacuole Found both in Animals and Plants Smaller in Animals, only used for storage. Larger in plants, also used to maintain turgor pressure and plant structure

Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles

Found in all cells (eu, pro, animal, plant) Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Cell Membrane “membrane” = “skin” Found in all cells (eu, pro, animal, plant) Double layer of phospholipids Hydrophobic between layers, hydrophilic on outside. Fluid (everything is in motion) Semi-permeable Has many proteins embedded in it.

Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles

Found only in Plants (Eukaryotes) Made of cellulose Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Cell Wall Found only in Plants (Eukaryotes) Made of cellulose Provides structure for the plant body. Cell wall in prokaryotes in not the same thing. (made of different stuff)

Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles

Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Journey in to a Cell