The Theory of Aggregate Supply Chapter 4 The Theory of Aggregate Supply

The Production Function The boundary of this area is called the production function. Y1 Y (Amount of unique commodity produced) L1 B Time spent at work Time spent at leisure L (Labor) Figure 4.1 ©1999 South-Western College Publishing

YS 3 2 1 LD Maximizing Profits Y (Output Supplied) L (Quantity of Labor demanded) Figure 4.2 ©1999 South-Western College Publishing

Deriving the Investment Demand Curve Y (Quantity of output Supplied) Panel A YS A Y (Quantity of output Supplied) A LD A LD (Quantity of Labor demanded) Figure 4.3A ©1999 South-Western College Publishing

Deriving the Investment Demand Curve Y (Quantity of output Supplied) Panel B YS B Y (Quantity of output Supplied) B LD B LD (Quantity of Labor demanded) Figure 4.3B ©1999 South-Western College Publishing

Deriving the Investment Demand Curve Panel C A (Real wage) B LD A LD B LD (Quantity of Labor demanded) Figure 4.3C ©1999 South-Western College Publishing

YD 2 U3 U2 U1 LS Maximizing Utility YD (Commodities demanded) ©1999 South-Western College Publishing Maximizing Utility The same line that represents the iso-profit line of the firm also represents the budget constraint of the family. The slope of this line is the real wage rate U3 YD (Commodities demanded) YD U2 2 In its role as a household the family chooses the highest indifference curve that is tangent to the budget constraint U1 (Profit of the firm) LS LS (Quantity of labor supplied) Figure 4.4

YD (Q of commodities demanded) The Labor Supply Curve Panel A Slope A YD A YD (Q of commodities demanded) LS A LS (Quantity of labor supplied) Figure 4.5A ©1999 South-Western College Publishing

YD (Q of commodities demanded) The Labor Supply Curve Panel B Slope B YD B YD (Q of commodities demanded) LS B LS (Quantity of labor supplied) Figure 4.5B ©1999 South-Western College Publishing

B A LS LS The Labor Supply Curve Panel C Labor supply curve  (Real wage) A LS A LS B LD (Quantity of labor supplied) Figure 4.5C ©1999 South-Western College Publishing

Average Work Habits in Three Countries 1,700 1,800 1,900 2,000 2,100 1,600 1,500 2,200 Average Work Habits in Three Countries Hours worked U. S. Britain Germany Country 1975 1995 Box 4.1A ©1999 South-Western College Publishing

1987 dollars per year (in thousands) 40 30 20 10 1987 dollars per year (in thousands) Percentage of population 45 40 35 30 Time 25 20 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 Number unemployed as a percentage of U.S. population Real wage in thousands of 1987 dollars per year Box 4.1B ©1999 South-Western College Publishing

1 E 2 LS LD LE LS LD Labor Market Equilibrium Labor supply Labor demand  (Real wage) 2 LS 2 LD 1 LE LS 1 LD 2 L (Quantities of labor demanded and supplied) Figure 4.6 ©1999 South-Western College Publishing

The Effect of a New Invention on the Labor Market Production function2 LE2 YE2 Production function1 Y (Aggregate supply of commodities) YE1 LE1 Employment Figure 4.7 ©1999 South-Western College Publishing

The Effect of a New Invention on the Labor Market Labor supply E2  (Real wage) E1 Labor demand2 Labor demand1 LE1 LE2 L (Quantity of labor demanded and supplied) Figure 4.7 ©1999 South-Western College Publishing

The Effect of a Change in Tastes on Employment and Output YE2 Production function Y (Aggregate supply of commodities) YE1 LE1 LE2 Employment Figure 4.8A ©1999 South-Western College Publishing

The Effect of a Change in Tastes on Employment and Output Labor supply1 Labor supply2 E1 E2  (Real wage) Labor demand LE1 LE2 L (Quantity of labor demanded and supplied) Figure 4.8B ©1999 South-Western College Publishing

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