IS4445 Principles of Interaction Design Lecture 3: Empathy Maps Rob Gleasure R.Gleasure@ucc.ie www.robgleasure.com

Course structure Or more specifically Week 1: Introduction Week 2: Empathise 1 (personas) Week 3: Empathise 2 (empathy maps) Week 4: Define 1 (journey maps) Week 5: Define 2 (value curves) Week 6: Ideate 1 (mind maps) Week 7: Ideate 2 (6 hats) Week 8: Prototyping 1 (storyboards) Week 9: Prototyping 2 (wireframes) Week 10: Test 1 (Testing cards) Week 11: Test 2 (UX audits) Week 12: Revision

IS4445 Today’s session Online discussion Empathy maps What Why How (a template) When Where Empathy map design exercise

Online discussion How did everyone get on? What interesting personas went up?

The next impossible problem Most of whom we are, what we think, and how we experience the world occurs below the surface, meaning we often can’t or won’t externalise it We want to be human-centric, not just rational-mind-centric We need to engage with these ‘below the surface’ influences

What is an empathy map? An empathy map is a tool to help you synthesise observations and get inside the skin of your users Image from https://medium.com/whither-news/empathetic-journalism-for-the-right-23a5febb7869

What are empathy maps Empathy maps help us to dig deeper into specific personas and create less superficial or over-rationalised understandings They typically deconstruct a persona into four major components What they say What they do What they think What they feel Empathy isn’t about facts and descriptions, it’s about the reason why people do things

Why empathy maps Empathy gives us the ability to see the world from other people’s perspective and experience the world the way they do Empathy helps us understand things that questioning alone couldn’t discover Empathy =/= sympathy Empathy =/= mind-reading More fundamentally, empathy maps force us to balance real-world observations with a rich understanding of motivations and deep needs Contradictions and gaps create opportunities for new insights

How to create empathy maps Assume a beginner’s mind-set Often the biggest barrier is our reluctance to let our own perspective go Set aside all of your initial assumptions, where possible, and let yourself be dragged around to new perspectives freely Don’t jump to judgement! Look for extreme users Get out of the laaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaab!!! Use analogies where possible This helps you to feel what the other person is feeling If discussing with users, it also reassures those users you understand them

Exploring with questions Analysis can often be structured roughly as what-how-why Once you get the first ‘why’ answer, there is a rule of thumb that you should ask four more ‘why’ questions to get to the root cause Often called the ‘5 whys’ This technique should ultimately tell you which process/part of a process failed

A template for empathy maps Courtesy of Stanford Design Thinking Action Lab

A template for empathy maps What do they say? About the context/environment? About specific processes? About specific tools and technologies? About specific people or groups? What do they do? What decisions do they have to make and when? What are they paying attention to and when? What emotions are they visibly showing at different times? Does what they say and do contradict each other?

A template for empathy maps What do they think? About the context/environment? About specific processes? About specific tools and technologies? About specific people or groups? What do they feel? Are they happy or sad about anything? Are they angry or afraid about anything? Are they anticipating or surprised by anything? Do they trust or distrust anything?

When to use empathy maps? An empathy map should be created for each persona at the outset This empathy map should be revisited whenever you get a new piece of data, i.e. A user says something interesting you hadn’t heard them say before A user does something interesting you hadn’t seen them do before If you’re doing interviews, you may also want to create an entirely new empathy map to summarise findings as part of debriefing with the design team This can then be compared against the map for their persona

Where to use empathy maps Unsurprisingly, empathy maps are mostly used in the empathise stage They are often considered the foundation of the User Experience (UX) design They’re also important at the end of each cycle as a way of comparing users’ thoughts and feelings when using a new product/service/practice/system

Building your report Pick one persona (it doesn’t have to be the same one from last week) Sketch out an empathy map for that persona They’re also important at the end of each cycle as a way of comparing users’ thoughts and feelings when using a new product/service/practice/system

Reading Ekman, P. (1992). An argument for basic emotions. Cognition & emotion, 6(3-4), 169-200. Plutchik, R. (1980). A general psychoevolutionary theory of emotion. Theories of emotion, in Emotion: Theory, Research, and Experience, Volume I, R. Plutchik and H. Kellerman (eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 3-3. Interaction Design Foundation: The Basics of User Experience Design (https://www.interaction-design.org/)