The Five Features of a Civilization

Pneumonic Device Ants Can’t Take Slick Rice Advanced Cities Complex Institutions (government, religion) Take Technology Slick Specialized workers Rice Record Keeping

Advanced Cities In order to be considered a city it must have: 1. Large population 2. Must be a center of TRADE

Complex Institutions Institution – a long lasting pattern of organization in a community such as Government Religion Economy

Technology New tools and techniques that solve problems and make life easier (1) Sickles, Hoes, Plow Sticks (2) Irrigation systems (3) Animal Power (4) Wheel and Sail

(1) Pottery (Pottery wheel) (2) Metal working (Bronze) New Skills Developed (1) Pottery (Pottery wheel) (2) Metal working (Bronze) (3) Cloth weaving (4) Writing (Cuneiform)

Specialized Workers Specialized means someone has the skills to do a specific kind of work

Record Keeping Must have a developed system of writing so the people can: Record business Write a set of laws Priests can record rituals and dates Cuneiform

Civilization Emerges in Ur City on the banks of the Euphrates River 30,000 lived there Social Classes Jewelry, instruments, dagger produced

Agriculture Economy Irrigation ditches built Ox driven plows Dirt roads Houses made of mud bricks Small windowless houses Surplus of food leads to other professions Bronze age emerges Walls built

Trade and Religion Barter system Merchants in streets Cuneiform used to keep records Temple was most important building Ziggurat – pyramid shaped monument in center of temple Priests would perform rituals at top Believed in afterlife

Ziggurat