Objectives Evaluate the advantages the North enjoyed in the Civil War. Analyze the impact of the Civil War on the North and South, especially the impact of the Emancipation Proclamation. Explore the outcome and aftermath of the Civil War.

Terms and People Robert E. Lee – commander of the Confederate military forces Anaconda Plan – the Union’s plan to starve the South by seizing the Mississippi and the Gulf of Mexico so the South could not receive shipments Emancipation Proclamation – a 1863 presidential decree that declared slaves in rebel states free habeas corpus – a right that guarantees that no one can be held in prison without specific charges

Terms and People (continued) inflation – price increases Ulysses S. Grant – Union General who won at Vicksburg and became commander of all Union military forces Battle of Gettysburg – a battle in Pennsylvania that marked the last major Confederate attempt to invade the North; a turning point in the Civil War Gettysburg Address – speech given by President Lincoln at a battle cemetery dedication in which he reaffirmed the ideas for with the Union fought 3

Terms and People (continued) William T. Sherman – a Union General who led 60,000 troops on a march of destruction through Georgia and South Carolina total war – a strategy in which all resources to feed, clothe, and support an army are targeted

What factors and events led to the Union victory in the Civil War? The nation split in two with the election of Lincoln. From 1861 to 1865, a bloody Civil War was fought between the United States of America and the Confederate States of America. The future of slavery and of the Union was at stake.

The Union The Confederacy Goal Preserve the union Gain independence Advantages Growing population More industry Better railroads Strong navy Had the nation’s best military leaders Troops committed to the fight Disadvantages Small standing army Troops were not very committed Lacked the best military leaders Less factories for making war supplies Few vital ports Smaller population

Confederate forces were led by the experienced general Robert E. Lee. The South had the advantage of simply needing to hold out longer than the Union. The North had to conquer the Confederacy. The North pursued the Anaconda Plan to cut off supplies to southern ports. Confederate forces were led by the experienced general Robert E. Lee. 7

During the first two years of the war, neither side gained a clear victory or captured the other’s capital city. Early Civil War battles Bull Run (July 1861) Shiloh (April 1862) Antietam (Sept. 1862) Fredericksburg (Dec. 1862)

Lincoln’s primary goal was to preserve the Union. However, in 1863 he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing all slaves in rebel states. The Union began to recruit African American soldiers. Some 180,000 black men served. 9

The Civil War changed civilian life in the North in many ways. Mines and factories increased production to supply military needs. The government raised taxes and tariffs. When Congress instituted a draft, riots broke out in Northern cities. Lincoln suspended the right of habeas corpus. 10

The tide of the war began to shift in the Union’s favor in 1863. After victory at Vicksburg, Union General Ulysses S. Grant achieved the Union goal of splitting the Confederacy in two. Next, the Union faced a Confederate invasion at the Battle of Gettysburg and defeated Lee’s troops there. The battle destroyed one third of Lee’s forces. Grant Lee 11

President Lincoln went to Gettysburg a few months later to dedicate a battle cemetery. His speech that day, the Gettysburg Address, reaffirmed the ideas for which the Union fought.

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

Map of the Civil War Most Civil War battles were fought on Confederate soil.

Union General William T Union General William T. Sherman led troops on a march through Georgia and South Carolina. Pursuing a strategy of total war, Sherman’s troops targeted all the resources needed to support the rebel army. In spring of 1865, the Confederacy was exhausted. General Lee surrendered to General Grant on April 9.

The Civil War had many lasting impacts. The South was in shambles. Freedom promised new opportunities for African Americans. Although debates about states’ rights would continue, never again would states attempt to secede.