War and British Conquest The Fabulous Adventure of Chapter 5

Leading Question #1 How did competition between Britain and France to control North America shape Canada? VS =

How did Competition Shape Canada? The competition between France and Britain helped shape Canada in many ways. It gave Canada much of its current geographical shape and territory It provided Canada with the cultures that would develop its political, social, and economic identity

Territorial Gains Though France claimed much of the land in North America it had a very small population of colonists. Britain on the other hand had little land but lots of people. This made New France and Acadia a prime target for British attack. The first attack of great importance came in 1701!

Britain and France Go to War 1701: The War of Spanish Succession (aka Queen Anne’s War) In 1701 Britain and France (along with much of Europe) went to war. The reason you ask...a little dispute over who would succeed the dead king and become the new King of Spain. This war was called...the War of Spanish Succession!

Why the Fight The Reasons: In 1700 King Charles II croaked and left his kingdom (Spain) to Philip, due d’Anjou (PdA)-a French prince This was a problem for many European leaders due to the fact that PdA was the grandson of Louis XIV (yes that Louis). It was feared that good old Louis and PdA would merge their two kingdoms (Spain and France) and create a mega-ultra-powerful country. This would then shift the balance of power in Europe

Definition Balance of power=stability between competing forces. A kingdom made up of a combined Spain and France would be very powerful and could/would easily trample any other kingdom in Europe

The Response The response from an enlightened and noble leader would have been to use words and diplomacy to resolve the conflict. Unfortunately, the Holy Roman Emperor at this time was neither of these and he chose to use guns and war. So, in 1701, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I declared war on Spain and France (he thought he was the rightful heir of Spain...and if anyone was going to create a mega-ultra powerful country that could take over all of Europe it should be HIM!)

Whose who in the War of Spanish Succession Once the Holy Roman Empire, France and Spain got down to business lots of other countries got involved The Contestants Holy Roman Empire VS Kingdom of France Great Britain Kingdom of Spain Dutch Republic The Huron Nation Kingdom of Portugal Denmark-Norway Iroquois Confederacy

The Results In 1713 the war was ended with the signing of the Treaty of Utrecht Philip was allowed to keep the crown of Spain but was not allowed to ever gain the crown of France Many of the countries involved were left feeling bitter and angry at one another...hmmm why might this be bad? But the most important thing the Treaty of Utrecht did for Canada was... due to the war also having taken place in the major powers colonies France lost part of Acadia and all of Newfoundland to the British and Iroquois forces (Britain also got Florida from Spain). Britain was now on its way to conquering North America

References Microsoft Corporation, (2007). Acadia. Retrieved February 4, 2008, from Acadia-Map-MSN Encarta Web site: http://encarta.msn.com/media_461530608_761554973_-1_1/Acadia.html Microsoft Corporation, (2007). Europe 1500-1700. Retrieved February 4, 2008, from Europe 1500-1700-MSN Encarta Web site: http://encarta.msn.com/media_461517014/Europe_1500-1700.html Microsoft Corporation, (2007). War of Spanish Succession. Retrieved February 4, 2008, from War or Spanish Succession-MSN Encarta Web site: http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761557450/Spanish_Succession_War_of_the.html Rees, David & D. Anderson Gerits, & G. Allaire (2006). Our Canada: Origins, People, Perspective. Canada: Nelson.