High and Late Middle Ages

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Presentation transcript:

High and Late Middle Ages Chapter 8

Royal Power Grows Nobles and Church had as much power as monarchs and in some cases more. 1000-1300, this begins to shift. William the Conqueror of Normandy Defeats England and becomes king on Christmas, 1066 Monitored everything (who and where people built) Made every vassal swear first allegiance to him. Henry II inherits thrown in 1154. King John inherits it from his father Henry II Cruel and untrustworthy (lost a lot of battles and power) Angers nobels with taxes Magna Carta- nobels force him to sign in 1215 1st- Nobles had certain rights 2nd- Monarch must obey the law Due Process of Law comes (Habeas Corpus- need charges) Rulers need councils for advice- turns into Parliament

Holy Roman Empire Theme- Struggle of who rules, Pope or Emperor Henry IV (HR Emperor) & Pope Gregory VII Gregory VII wanted to end lay investiture Process in which a ruler would appoint bishops Henry IV gets upset and loses support from German Princes He is excommunicated and faces revolts from people Repents as sinner to the pope (Gregory must forgive) Henry comes back later with an army; forces pope into exile Concordat of Worms, 1122 Both sides agreed to treaty Church had sole authority to choose bishops Emperor still invested them with fiefs (land or area to control)

Crusades Byzantine Emperor, Alexius I asks Pope Urban II for knights to fight off Muslim Turks. Urban agrees and incites nobles and bishops to action. Called for a Crusade to free the Holy Land First Crusade (1096-1099) Christian Knights took Jerusalem and massacred Muslims and Jews in the city. Crusaded continued off and on until Muslims took back Jerusalem in 1187 led by Saladin. Muslims captured last Christian outpost in 1291.

The Black Death Probably originated in Asia and made its way to the port in Caffa (major trade center) Rats hopped on ships with the disease and made their way to Sicily and into Italy then to the rest Europe. The disease spread as fleas spread from rats to human Two types (Bubonic & Pneamonic) Bubonic more common but less deadly High fevers, bleeding underneath skin (50-60% killrate) So deadly, noone kept records of number of deaths Estimate 25-50% of European population (19-38 million in 4 yrs.) Flagellant (subjecting oneself or others to flogging) Beating of oneself to win God’s forgiveness Jews are blamed and many flee to Russia & Poland