SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION DAVOOD SHAFIE,MD ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN CARDIOLOGY ISFAHAN UNIVERCITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES FELLOWSHIP IN HEART FAILURE AND TRANSPLANTATION

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Accurate Blood Pressure Measurement The equipment should be regularly inspected and validated. The operator should be trained and regularly retrained. The patient must be properly prepared and positioned and seated quietly for at least 5 minutes in a chair. The auscultatory method should be used. Caffeine, exercise, and smoking should be avoided for at least 30 minutes before BP measurement. An appropriately sized cuff should be used.

Types of Hypertension Primary HTN: Secondary HTN: also known as essential HTN. accounts for 90-95% cases of HTN. no universally established cause known. Secondary HTN: less common cause of HTN secondary to other potentially rectifiable causes.

PRIMARY HTN

Isolated Systolic Hypertension in Older Adults 1-After the age of 55 years 2-Accumulation of collagen (poorly distensible) 3-age-dependent stiffening Process( urbanization) 4-more common in women and associates with HFpEF 5- RF:isolated diastolic HTN&prehypertension

Diastolic Hypertension in Middle Age 1-(isolated &combined) 2-Isolated diastolic hypertensionis more common in men and often associates with middleage weight gain. 3-Increased neurohormonal drive

Systolic Hypertension in Teenagers and Young Adults 1-overactive sympathetic nervous system. 2-The prevalence may reach as 25% in young men and only 2% of young women.

MECHANISMS 1-NEURAL

Hormonal Mechanisms

Identifiable (Secondary) Forms of Hypertension