Volume 18, Issue 9, Pages 699-703 (May 2008) UVB-Based Mate-Choice Cues Used by Females of the Jumping Spider Phintella vittata  Jingjing Li, Zengtao Zhang, Fengxiang Liu, Qingqing Liu, Wenjin Gan, Jian Chen, Matthew L.M. Lim, Daiqin Li  Current Biology  Volume 18, Issue 9, Pages 699-703 (May 2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.020 Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Phintella vittata from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China and Reflectance Spectra of P. vittata Males and Females (A) Male. (B) Female. (C) Male (left), with arched legs (legs angle ∼45° to the side. Femur-pattella joints are flexed ∼20°, the remaining joints being fully extended), approaches female (right). Male and female have palps in the raised posture. (D) Mean reflectance (%) spectra of two body regions (dorsal carapace and dorsal abdomen) of 17 Phintella vittata (female: n = 10, black line; male: n = 7, red line) and (female: n = 10, blue line; male: n = 7, green line). Spectra are the radiance of the sample relative to that of a Spectralon white standard (Labsphere, North Sutton, New Hampshire), an almost perfect diffuser (>95% reflectance from 250 to 2000 nm), and a dark reference (lights off in a dark room). Spectra are the mean of the spider means across five randomly located measurements on each body region. Error bars are omitted for clarity. Current Biology 2008 18, 699-703DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.020) Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Plan View of Mate-Choice Experimental Apparatus and Transmission Spectra for the Glass Used to Construct Experimental Apparatus and the Filter Types Used in the Experiments (A) Transmission spectra of the four types of filters and/or a layer of glass (thickness: 1–1.2 mm; Sail Brand, Shanghai Machinery Import and Export Company, Shanghai, China) used in the four experiments. Filters, which were always horizontally mounted above the cover glass of the male chambers, manipulated the wavelengths available for mate-choice decisions: UVB+ (cover glass only, without filter), UVB−, ND1, ND2, and UVA−. The UVB+ filter transmitted all wavelengths; the UVB− filter transmitted all wavelengths except the UVB (280–315 nm); and the UVA− filter transmitted all wavelengths except the UV (280–400 nm). The ND filters maintained neutral density in the UVB wavelengths but were used to reduce the overall intensity (brightness) of lights to varying degrees (UVB+ to ND1: mean 16% reduction; UVB+ to ND1: mean 55% reduction). Spectra were taken with an Ocean Optics USB2000 UV/VIS miniature fiber-optic spectrometer and a DH2000 deuterium-halogen light source (see Supplemental Experimental Procedures). (B) Top view of the experimental apparatus used in female mate-choice trials. This consisted of three separated glass chambers: a female chamber (which held a female) and two male chambers (which each held a male). A black, opaque board (thick bars) placed between male chambers and between males-female chambers prevented male-male and male-female interactions as required during trials and tests. The diagram is not drawn to scale. Current Biology 2008 18, 699-703DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.020) Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Female Attention, the Time Female Spent Watching Males, under Different Light Conditions Females were visually attentive to (A) UVB+ males for a significantly longer period of time (mean ± SEM) than to UVB− males (z = −2.504, n = 20, p = 0.012; Wilcoxon signed ranks test), (D) ND1 males for a significantly longer period of time than to UVB− males (z = −2.200, n = 18, p = 0.028), and (E) ND2 males for a slightly (not statistically) longer period of time than to UVB− males (z = −1.916, n = 18, p = 0.055) during mate-assessment phase, but females were not visually attentive for a significantly longer period of time between (B) UVB+ and ND1 (z = −0.157, n = 20, p = 0.875), (C) UVB+ and ND2 (z = −0.762, n = 19, p = 0.446), and (F) UVB− and UVA− males (t = −1,991, n = 20, p = 0.061; paired-samples t test). Current Biology 2008 18, 699-703DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.020) Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Mean Time ±SEM Spent by Male Displaying to the Females during the Assessment Phase There were no significant differences in the amount of time displaying to the females between (A) UVB+ and UVB− males (Wilcoxon signed ranks test: z = −1.147, n = 20, p = 0.251), (B) UVB+ and ND1 males (z = −0.853, n = 20, p = 0.393), (D) UVB− and ND1 (z = −0.240, n = 18, p = 0.811), (E) UVB− and ND2 (z = −1.160, n = 18, p = 0.246), and (C) UVB+ and ND2 males (z = −0.865, n = 19, p = 0.387) as well as (F) UVB− and UVA− males (z = −0.282, n = 20, p = 0.778). Current Biology 2008 18, 699-703DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.020) Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions