H. Oka, M. D. , S. Muraki, M. D. , Ph. D. , T. Akune, M. D. , Ph. D

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Fully automatic quantification of knee osteoarthritis severity on plain radiographs H. Oka, M.D., S. Muraki, M.D., Ph.D., T. Akune, M.D., Ph.D., A. Mabuchi, M.D., Ph.D., T. Suzuki, M.D., Ph.D., H. Yoshida, M.D., Ph.D., S. Yamamoto, M.D., Ph.D., K. Nakamura, M.D., Ph.D., N. Yoshimura, M.D., Ph.D., H. Kawaguchi, M.D., Ph.D. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 16, Issue 11, Pages 1300-1306 (November 2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.03.011 Copyright © 2008 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Schema of image processing by KOACAD. (A) A digitized knee radiograph as a DICOM file. (B) Filterings to reduce the image noise and to extract outlines of tibia and femur. (C) ROI and the center including the tibiofemoral joint space. (D) An outline of femoral condyle (blue line) as the upper and outside rims of the joint space. (E) Outlines of anterior and posterior margins of the tibial plateau (green lines), and the middle line between the two outlines (red line) as the lower rim of the joint space. (F) A straight regression line (black line) for the lower rim line, and their intersections as the inside rims. (G) Medial and lateral JSAs (white areas) surrounded by the upper, lower, inside, and outside rims. (H) Medial and lateral mJSWs (brown lines) as the minimum vertical distances in the JSAs. (I) Medial outline (blue line) of the tibia drawn from the calculated inflection point upward to the joint level. (J) Osteophyte area (red area) that is medially prominent over the smoothly extended outline of the tibia. (K) Medial and lateral outlines (blue lines) of the femur and tibia from the edges of the image to the inflection points, and the middle lines (purple lines). (L) TFA as the lateral angle between the straight regression lines (black lines) of the middle lines above in the femur and tibia. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2008 16, 1300-1306DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2008.03.011) Copyright © 2008 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions