Gene Technologies & Scientific Ethical Issues Mrs. Harper Biology 2/28/18

February 28, 2018 Begin working on Do Now UNIT 4 TEST IS THURSDAY!!!

Do Now 2/28/18 What are some causes of mutations? What is nondisjunction? What are some mutations caused by nondisjunction? What is a karyotype? What is an example of a germ mutation? What is an example of a somatic mutation? Name one genetic disorder from last night’s homework and briefly describe it.

CONNECTIONS What do you think of when you hear the word clone? What do you think the term genetic engineering means? What does the word ethical mean? Genetic copy, genetically identical To create/design at the genetic level Morally right or just

Genetic Engineering Since the 1980s, scientists have been using genetic engineering to produce offspring that show desired traits. This is done by taking genes from one organism and transferring them into another. This combined DNA is called recombinant DNA. To make recombinant DNA, a human gene is inserted into the plasmid of a bacterial cell. This tells the bacterial cell to produce human proteins like insulin in large quantities.

REASONS FOR GENETIC ENGINEERING To improve crop plants to resist damage from frost, insect pests, plant diseases and herbicides. For selective breeding (like cattle breeders selecting for animals that produce more milk) For medical purposes, like to produce needed proteins, make medicines and treat disease

Cloning Cloning produces a multicellular organism that is genetically identical to the parent This is done by removing the nucleus of an egg cell and then injecting a donor nucleus, which produces a fused cell.

Cloning The cell eventually becomes an embryo and is placed inside a host mother. This is called reproductive cloning. In 1997, the first mammal was cloned. She was a sheep named Dolly.

Reasons for Cloning To produce more individuals of an endangered species To clone organisms with the most desirable traits Therapeutic cloning to obtain cells for research or to treat diseases Human cloning is believed by many to be unethical.

STEM CELL RESEARCH As we grow and develop our cells differentiate into specific types, like brain cells or heart cells Stem cells are undifferentiated, unspecialized cells. The hope is that stem cells can treat injuries and diseases in which normal differentiated cells have died. Controversial, because some believe using the stem cells of human embryos is unethical.

DNA FINGERPRINTING No two fingerprints are exactly the same Can be used to determine how closely related individuals are Used during crime investigations Used to exonerate (clear) the names of people who were falsely convicted

EOC Practice -Ethical issue means it may be morally wrong. -Which poses the greatest risk?

EOC Practice -DNA is your genetic identity

EOC Practice -Letter C does NOT fit in with the other choices and is incorrect

Assignment Complete the worksheet questions silently and independently on Code Red In about 5-10 minutes, we will begin the video the answer those aligned questions. Unfinished classwork is homework UNIT 4 TEST IS THURSDAY!

Video Answer the questions in the homework packet as we watch the video about the first animal that was cloned. We are on CODE RED. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tELZEPcgKkE