By Jordan Owen, Kelsey Byrum, and Zach Collins The Horn By Jordan Owen, Kelsey Byrum, and Zach Collins

History of the Horn Ram Horn -Warning -Hunting -Religion

History Cont. Natural Horn -No valves - lip tension, crooks, hand- stopping -The most commonly used horn in the 1700s and 1800s until the valved horn was invented. Natural Horn

History Cont. Valved Horn -Longer tubing -Three valves -Tuning slide -*Ability to play in different keys!*

History Cont. Modern-day horn -Rotary valves -Older versions use piston valves -Tuned in F or B flat -More tuning slides -Wider range

The Different Types of Horns -Single Horn (Bb OR F) -Double Horn (Bb AND F) -Compensating Horn (Bb and/or F)

Single Horn -Key of F or Bb -F horn has longer tubing; Bb has shorter tubing -Bb for higher registers; F for lower -F has a larger harmonic series than Bb -Used more by Beginners

Double Horn -Comes in both keys F and Bb -Double the amount of tubing -Used more by professionals -Key diverts airflow

Compensating Horn -Halfway between double and single horn -Mainly in Bb but also plays in F -Cheaper to produce: Less tubing -Good for advancing players

Horn Basics -Players must have exceptional hearing skills -Right hand in bell changes pitch -Embouchure: ⅔ upper lip, ⅓ lower lip -Many alternate fingerings -Facility of all registers is essential -Treble clef and bass clef

Horn Technique -Warming up is important -Lip trills -Take the mouthpiece away during rests -Stopped horn -Close right hand in the bell -Raises pitch by a half step -Stop mutes -Students must be able to transpose