Classic or Pitch? Oral Presentations Grażyna Budzinska,

Oral Presentations -

Planning a Presentation

Planning and Preparing https://www. youtube. com/watch

The Three-Step Process 3 1 2 Analyze the Situation Gather Information Choose the Medium Get Organized Revise Message Master Delivery Prepare to Speak Overcome Anxiety Adapt to the Audience Compose the Presentation Plan Write Complete

Analyze the Situation Purpose Audience Location Analyzing the situation involves defining your purpose, developing an audience profile, and considering the circumstances. The purpose of most of your presentations will be to inform or to persuade, although you may occasionally need to make a collaborative presentation, such as when you're leading a problem-solving or brainstorming session. The more you know about your audience, their needs, and their expectations, the more effectively you’ll communicate with them. Try to anticipate their likely emotional state and determine if they’re comfortable listening to the language speak. In addition, consider the circumstances (location) in which you’ll be presenting. Is the audience in the room or online? How many people will be present, and how will they be seated? Can you control the environment to minimize distractions? What equipment will you need? Such variables can influence not only the style of your presentation but also its content.

Audience Mindsets Audience Attitudes Supportive Uninterested Hostile Interested-Neutral Apprehensive Audience Attitudes Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Chapter 16 -

Assess the Environment Classroom or Theater Conference Table Horseshoe or “U” Shape Café Style Seating

Select the Medium Online Face-to-Face

Organize the Presentation Main Idea Scope Approach Content Organizing a presentation is similar to organizing a written message: When you’re defining your main idea, focus on the needs of your audience and use the “you” attitude. If you can’t express your main idea in one sentence, then you probably have not defined it clearly enough. Limiting the scope is important for two reasons. First, for most presentations, you must work within strict time limits. Second, the longer you speak, the harder it is to hold the audience’s attention, and the more difficult it is for your audience to retain your key points. If you have 10 minutes or less, organize your message much as you would any other brief message. Use the direct approach if the subject involves routine information or good news; use the indirect approach if the message involves bad news or persuasion. Longer presentations are organized like reports, using the direct or indirect approach as the situation and content dictate. In addition, look for opportunities to integrate storytelling into the structure of your presentation. The dramatic tension (not knowing what will happen to the “hero”) at the heart of effective storytelling is a great way to capture and keep the audience’s attention.

Prepare the Outline State purpose and main idea Organize points and sub-points Identify major points throughout Plan transitions between sections Prepare bibliography and sources Choose a compelling title

Developing a Presentation

Control Participation Adapt to the Audience Small Groups Large Audiences Casual Style Elicit Participation Simple Visuals Formal Style Control Participation Multimedia Your audience’s size, your subject, your purpose, your budget, and the time available for preparation all influence the style of your presentation. If you’re speaking to a small group, particularly people you already know, you can use a casual style to encourage their participation. A small conference room, with your audience seated around a table, may be appropriate. Use simple visuals and invite your audience to interject comments. Deliver your remarks in a conversational tone, using notes to jog your memory if necessary. If you’re addressing a large audience or if the event is important, establish a more formal atmosphere. During formal presentations, speakers are often on a stage or platform, standing behind a lectern and using a microphone so that their remarks can be heard throughout the room or captured for broadcasting or webcasting.

The Presentation Introduction The Body The Close

The Introduction Get the Audience’s Attention Build Your Credibility Preview Your Message A good introduction arouses the audience’s interest in your topic, establishes your credibility, and prepares the audience for what will follow. Arousing Audience Interest. If your audience members aren’t already interested in your subject, your introduction needs to grab their attention. Try the following techniques: uniting around a common goal, telling a story, passing around samples or other objects, asking a question, sharing a startling statistic, and using humor. Building Your Credibility. Establishing your credibility quickly is vital. If you’re not a well-known expert or haven’t already earned your audience’s trust in other situations, build credibility in your introduction. Previewing Your Message. A good introduction gives your listeners a preview of what’s ahead. Summarize the main idea of your presentation, identify major supporting points, and indicate the order in which you’ll develop those points. 15

Presentation Body Present the Main Points Connect Your Ideas Keep the Audience’s Attention The bulk of your speech or presentation is devoted to a discussion of the main supporting points in your outline. Connecting Your Ideas. In written documents, you can show how ideas are related with a variety of design clues: headings, paragraphs, white space, and lists. However, with oral communication—particularly when you aren’t using visuals for support—you have to rely primarily on spoken words to link various parts and ideas. When you shift topics, stress the connection between ideas by summarizing what’s been said and previewing what’s to come. Holding Your Audience’s Attention. A successful introduction will have grabbed your audience’s attention; now the body of your presentation needs to hold that attention. Here are a few tips for keeping the audience tuned into your message: Keep relating your subject to your audience’s needs. Anticipate—and answer—your audience’s questions as you move along. Explain the relationship between your subject and familiar ideas. Ask for opinions or pause occasionally for comments or questions. Illustrate your ideas with visuals.

Presentation Close Deliver a Clear Summary Restate Your Main Points End on a Confident Note

Delivering a Presentation

Practice Your Delivery Your Style The Equipment Your Knowledge Your Timing Pronunciation Questions

Overcome Anxiety Audience Topic Occasion Remember that nervousness is an indication that you care about your audience, your topic, and the occasion. The next two slides present some techniques that you can use to convert anxiety into positive energy.

Develop Positive Energy Don’t worry about being perfect Prepare additional material Practice and visualize success Focus on audience and message Have your opening line ready Maintain eye contact with audience Stop worrying about being perfect. Instead, focus on audience connection Prepare more material than necessary, to reduce your anxiety Practice your material to build your confidence Visualize your successful presentation Remember to breathe to stay calm and confident Be ready with your opening line

Speaking Confidently The Start Your Posture Tone of Voice Preparation Nonverbal Cues

Body Language https://www. youtube. com/watch Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall -

Respond to Questions Honest Answers Self-Control Conclusion

Inspire https://www. youtube. com/watch Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall -

Summary of Discussion Sources: Business communication Today, Bovee and Thill Internet sorces stated above