Chapter 3 Atoms and Elements

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Chapter 3 Atoms and Elements 3.3 The Atom Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Dalton's Atomic Theory In Dalton's atomic theory, atoms are tiny particles of matter of an element are similar to each other and different from other elements of two or more different elements combine to form compounds are rearranged to form new combinations in a chemical reaction Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Subatomic Particles Electrical Charges Atoms contain subatomic particles. Protons have a positive (+) charge. Electrons have a negative (–) charge. Neutrons are neutral. Like charges repel and unlike charges attract. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment In Rutherford’s gold foil experiment, positively charged particles were aimed at atoms of gold mostly went straight through the atoms were deflected only occasionally Conclusion: There must be a small, dense, positively charged nucleus in the atom that deflects positive particles that come close. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Structure of the Atom An atom consists of a nucleus that contains protons and neutrons electrons in a large, empty space around the nucleus Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Mass of the Atom Atomic mass unit 1 atomic mass unit (amu) has a mass equal to 1/12 of the mass of the carbon-12 atom. a proton has a mass of about 1 (1.007) amu. a neutron has a mass of about 1 (1.008) amu. an electron has a very small mass, 0.000 549 amu. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Subatomic Particles in the Atom Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Learning Check Which of the following subatomic particles fits each of the descriptions below: proton, neutrons, or electrons A. found outside the nucleus B. has a positive charge C. has mass but no charge Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution Which of the following subatomic particles fits each of the descriptions below: proton, neutrons, or electrons A. found outside the nucleus electrons B. has a positive charge protons C. has mass but no charge neutrons Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.