MIS 131 Introduction to Algorithms and Programming 2018/2019 Fall - Chapter 0 -

Outline Introduction What Is a Computer? Computer Organization Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-level Languages Software Deveopment Java Programming Language

What is a Computer? Computer Device capable of performing computations and making logical decisions Computers process data under the control of sets of instructions called computer programs Hardware Various devices comprising a computer Keyboard, screen, mouse, disks, memory, CD-ROM, and processing units Software Programs that run on a computer

Software System programs Operating systems Microsoft 7,10, Unix, Lnix, Android, IOS Utility programs - Compilers and interpreters C,C++,Java compilers QBasic interpreter Application Programs LOGO - accounting program SPSS - statistics program Minecraft – game program Registration program

Six logical units in every computer: Input unit Obtains information from input devices (keyboard, mouse) Output unit Outputs information (to screen, to printer, to control other devices) Memory unit Rapid access, low capacity, stores input information Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) Performs arithmetic calculations and logic decisions Central processing unit (CPU) Supervises and coordinates the other sections of the computer Secondary storage unit Cheap, long-term, high-capacity storage Stores inactive programs

Three Types of Programming Languages Machine languages Assembly languages High-level languages

Machine languages Strings of numbers giving machine specific instructions Natural language of the computer 0-1 corresponding to high or low voltage Instructions and data are encoded into binary numbers Example: 100111001011 110010100110 001011100101

Assembly languages English-like abbreviations representing elementary computer operations (translated via assemblers) Example: LOAD BASEPA ADD OVERPAY STORE GROSSPAY

High-level languages Codes similar to everyday English Use mathematical notations (translated via compilers) Example: grossPay = basePay + overTimePay if (grade < 50) status = “failed” while (number <= 10)

Onces compiled turn into machine code grossPay = basePay + overTimePay one line of a programm Variables grossPay basePay overTimePay Onces compiled turn into machine code after loading each instuction and data has an adress in main memory of the computer executing the sum instruction basePay and overTimePay has values they are summed and assigned to grossPay

Meaning of computer programming Problem solving Problem programmer

machine language compiler interpreter high level languages programmer QBasic, C,C++,Java,VB.NET programmer natural languages Turkish English

What CPU does Reading data or instructions from main memory Performing aritmetic operations Addition, multiplication , division,… Performing logical opertations Comparing numbers They are equal, one is lsss then the other Moving results of operation back to main memory

Steps of Software Development Problem definition Analysing the problem Development of algorithm, pseudocode and flow chart Programming Testing the program Deployment of the program

The text books Java How to Program, 10th or higher Editions Late Object Version by Deitel & Deitel Pearson Starting out with Programming Logic and Design 2ed Eddition by Tony Gaddis

Version of Java Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) J2SE Development Kit (JDK)

Two Styles of Programming Structured programming MIS 131 Introduce structured programming with a pure object oriented language Lava Object oriended programing MIS 132 Basic object oriented programming Object oriented capabilities of Java

History of Java Java by Sun Microsystems in 1991 team leader: James Gosling Originally for intelligent consumer-electronic devices Then used for creating Web pages with dynamic content Now also used for: Develop large-scale enterprise applications Enhance WWW server functionality Provide applications for consumer devices (cell phones, etc.)

MIS 131 web page: misprivate.boun.edu.tr/badur/MIS131 You can find: Lecture slides Requirements: weights Exam schedule Anounsements Homework sets Old quizes and exam questions