Civil War Causes Slavery/sectionalism Compromise of 1850... Fugitive Slave Act John Brown’s acts of violence Caning of Charles Sumner Election of Lincoln in 1860 7 States secede from the Union Attack on Fort Sumter

Effects More than 600,000 are dead Slavery is abolished South is destroyed physically and emotionally America is united.... technically

Reconstruction

Reconstruction 1865-1877 Monumental task of..... physical rebuilding of the South and...... Reuniting the nation....healing the wounds

Lincoln’s plan Amnesty- full pardon to all southerners who swore allegiance to the U.S. and accepted the end of slavery high ranking Confederate leaders were not pardoned 10% plan- states could be re-admitted into the union if only 10% swore allegiance to the U.S.

Lincoln’s assassination April 14th, 1865........... Good Friday Lincoln is shot in the balcony of Ford’s Theatre while watching a play (Our American Cousin) John Wilkes Booth jumps onto the stage, breaks his leg, escapes out the back, and is hunted down for 2 weeks by the army....he is shot and killed inside a barn

Andrew Johnson VP Andrew Johnson becomes President former slave owner extremely lenient to the South he removed blacks troops from the South and allowed Confederate leaders to run their state governments

13th Amendment 1865 After much political maneuvering, Lincoln is able to pass... 13th Amendment Slavery is abolished

“40 acres and a mule” General Sherman’s plan to redistribute plantation land to former slaves(Jan 1865) President Johnson reversed it

Black codes laws limiting the freedom of former slaves Mississippi recycled its old slave codes and called them “freedman codes” can’t vote can’t own guns can’t sit on juries can’t travel without permits

Thaddeus Stevens Leader of the Radical Republicans wanted to punish the South

Congressional Reconstruction Radical vs Moderate Republicans Radicals were in favor of dramatic change former slaves must have the right to vote and should be given land from plantations Moderates did not want to give former slaves any major rights including the right to vote

Freedman’s Bureau Congress set up this organization to help former slaves Freedman’s Bureau helped with: food, shelter jobs schools hospitals

Civil Rights Act of 1866 declared anyone born in the US was a citizen with full civil rights President Johnson vetoed it Congress overrode his veto

Reconstruction Acts 1867-1868 Congress divided up the south into 5 military districts Union army would occupy the south to enforce order Forced states to ratify the 14th Amendment

14th Amendment July 9th, 1868 all person’s born in the US were full citizens due process equal protection

15th Amendment Feb 3rd, 1870 the right to vote cannot be discriminated on the basis of race

Impeachment 1868 Johnson is impeached for violating the Tenure of Office Act he escapes removal from office by 1 vote

Election of 1868 Ulysses S. Grant defeats Horatio Seymour to become the 18th President

Grant’s Terms 1869-1877 Fought hard to enforce civil rights for former slaves Several scandals plagued his tenure in office

Resistance to Reconstruction Ku Klux Klan Founded in Tennessee in 1866 Mostly died out by the 1870’s, but made a comeback in early 20th century

Voter disenfranchisement Literacy tests Poll tax Intimidation

1860’s

1960’s

Election of 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes defeats Samuel Tilden

Compromise of 1877

Compromise of 1877 Southern Democrats agree to let Hayes become President if……….. Federal troops are removed from the South Reconstruction is effectively over!!! Was it successful?

Hiram Revels 1st African American to serve in the US Congress 1870

Republican Governments in the South Former slaves were elected to office during Reconstruction, but after 1877 politics went back to antebellum ways After North Carolina Representative George White’s departure from the House of Representatives in March 1901, no African American served in the U.S. Congress for nearly three decades

Racist Political Cartoon Depicted Republican Governments in the South

“Carpetbaggers:” Northern migrants who moved South to help freedmen, or exploit economic & political opportunities “Scalawags:” White southern Republicans

The Jim Crow Laws Jim Crow Laws: Segregated Blacks & Whites in Public Places Plessey v. Ferguson (1896)... “Separate but Equal” does not violate the 14th Amendment

Lynching

Sharecropping Sharecropping: Landowner provided land, seeds, tools, and lent $ for expenses in exchange for a portion of the crop Tenant Farming: Renting land Both systems usually trapped poor farmers (white & black)

Race & Sharecropping

Percentage of Sharecropped Farms

Homestead Act -1862 Offered 160 acres of free land to anyone willing to farm it for at least 5 years

Great Plains- homestead plots