Mr. G. Grace Christian Academy of Maryland The Settlement of New England Mr. G. Grace Christian Academy of Maryland

Separatists (Pilgrims) vs. Puritans

Puritanism-2 types Pilgrims (Separatists  Puritans: believed only “visible saints” [those who could demonstrate in front of their fellow Puritans their elect status] should be admitted to church membership. Called themselves “saints” believed in a total break from the Church of England. Puritans: Want to totally reform [purify] the Church of England-felt it was too Catholic. Grew impatient with the slow process of Protestant Reformation back in England.

The Mayflower 1620  a group of 102 people [over half were Pilgrims ] Negotiated with the Virginia Company to settle there . Non-Separatists included Captain Myles Standish.(“Captain Shrimpe”) Plymouth Bay, Mass. was way far north of the Virginia Company’s area.

The Mayflower Compact November 11, 1620

The Mayflower Compact November 11, 1620 Written and signed before the Pilgrims got off the ship to prevent sinful anarchy. simple govt. and submit to majority rule. Led to adult male settlers meeting in assemblies to make laws in town meetings.

That First Year…. Winter of 1620-1621 Only 44 out of the original 102 survived. Unlike the Jamestown colonists, the Pilgrims were hard workers and none chose to leave in 1621 when the Mayflower sailed back. Fall of 1621  First Thanksgiving. Colony survived with fur [especially beaver], fish, and lumber. Plymouth stayed small and economically unimportant. 1691  only 7,000 people Merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Native Americans Help diseases wiped out ¾ of the native population before arrival of Pilgrims Wampanoags [near Plymouth] befriended the settlers. Tisquantum (Squanto.) who had spent time in England served as interpreter and advisor 1621  Chief Massasoit signed peace treaty with the settlers. Autumn, 1621  both groups celebrated the First Thanksgiving together (lasted 3 days).

The First Thanksgiving In 1863, President Lincoln proclaimed the last Thursday in November as a “day of thanksgiving and praise to our beneficent Father”

A Model of Christian Character William Bradford Self-taught scholar. Served 30 years as governor Highly-respected Free-enterprise system Highly committed to God A Model of Christian Character

Colonizing New England

First Seal of MA Bay

The MA Bay Colony 1629  Puritans got a royal charter to form the Massachusetts Bay Colony Wanted to escape attacks by the Church of England. They didn’t want to leave the Church, just its “impurities.” 1630  1,000 people set off in 11 well-stocked ships Established a colony with Boston as its hub. “Great Migration” of the 1630s Turmoil in England [leading to the English Civil War] sent about 70,000 Puritans to America. Not all Puritans  20,000 came to MA.

We shall be as a city on a hill.. John Winthrop (1630-1649) Leader of the Puritans-1st great leader in America Rich lawyer and manor lord in England. Harvard University founded (1636) Became 1st governor of Massachusetts. Believed that he had a calling from God to lead there. Served as governor for 19 years. We shall be as a city on a hill..

Characteristics of New England Settlements Long life spans  average life expectancy was 70 years of age-good water, good air and great food supply. Big families. Average 6 children per family. Average age at marriage: Women – 22 years old Men – 27 years old.

Puritan “Rebel”-Roger Williams Young, popular minister in Salem, Mass. Argued for a full break with the Anglican Church. Wanted more fair treatment of Indians. Denied authority of gov to Your religious life 1635  found guilty of preaching “newe & dangerous opinions “ and was exiled. Roger Williams

Rhode Island 1636  Roger Williams fled there. MA Bay Puritans had wanted to exile him to England to prevent him from founding a competing colony. Remarkable political freedom in Providence, RI all men could vote  later restricted to those owned property only Was fair w/ Indians and tried to win them to Christ complete toleration for all religions!> Williams believed Christianity cannot be established by force (“forced worship stinks in God’s nostrils”) many baptists and Jews came to RI Capital> Providence

Puritan “Rebel”-Anne Hutchinson Intelligent, strong-willed, well-spoken woman. Had 14 children Women could interpret the will of God as well as men Received “revelations from God” Holy life was no sure sign of salvation. People could be saved just by recognizing the good in themselves. Anne Hutchinson

Anne Hutchinson’s Trial 1638  she confused the Puritan leaders for days in the court trial. Eventually bragged that she had received her beliefs DIRECTLY from God. Puritan leaders banished her  she & her family traveled to RI and later to near Bronx, NY. She and all but one member of her family were killed in an Indian attack in Westchester County, NY. John Winthrop saw God’s hand in this!

New England Spreads Out

New England Colonies, 1650

Native Resistance: King Philip’s War (1675-1676} Angered by the sale of alcohol to Indians Only hope for Native Americans to resist white settlers was to UNITE. Metacom [King Philip to white settlers] Massasoit’s son united Indians and staged coordinated attacks on white settlements throughout New England. Frontier settlers forced to retreat to Boston.

King Philip’s War (1675-1676} The war ended in failure for the Indians Metacom beheaded and cut into 4 pieces. His son and wife sold into slavery. Never a serious threat in New England again!!

Population of the New England Colonies

Population Comparisons: New England v. the Chesapeake