Luminosity measurement at DAFNE M. Boscolo, F. Bossi, B. Buonomo, G. Mazzitelli, F. Murtas, P. Raimondi, G. Sensolini INFN LNF M. Schioppa INFN Cosenza Paolo Valente INFN Roma P. Branchini INFN Roma Tre N. Arnaud, D. Breton, A. Stocchi, A. Variola, B. Viaud LAL, Université Paris-Sud P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

Machine luminosity monitors and IP diagnostics tool Use different detectors to observe different reactions: e+e-  e+e-g (8.5·10-26 cm-2s-1 for E>100MeV, 95% 1.7mrad) e+e-  e+e-gg (6.6·10-29 cm-2s-1 for E>100MeV, 15% 1.7mrad) e+e-  e+e- Bhabha scattering, more clean process 450 Hz, 18o< q <27o @1032 cm-2 s-1 e+e-  F  K+K- About 25 Hz @1032 expected in the SIDDHARTA experiment monitor at ~90o Radiative Bhabha  High rate  fast Low angle High background Bhabha Good rate Clean process Steep q dependence Back-to-back trigger Sensitive to boost P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 February 2007 P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

Layout and Luminosity Monitors SIDDHARTA May 2007 K monitor Bhabha calorimeter  monitor GEM Bhabha Monitor P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Gamma monitor Detect 1.7 mrad photons of radiative Bhabha’s Need to be very close to beam-pipe Compact detector [small Moliere radius and X0] High rate P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 The gamma monitor 2 calorimeters PbWO4 crystals, 13 X0 total depth Readout by Hamamatsu R7600 High-statistics, very fast counter, main tool for luminosity optimization… …but affected by background [not for absolute luminosity measurement] P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Kaon Monitor PM: Hamamatsu R4998 Scintillators: BC420 Dimensions: 200 x 50 x 2.0 mm Triple-GEM tracker Triple-GEM tracker P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Kaon monitor mips K mips K mips K K mips mips mips Courtesy SIDDHARTA collaboration Threshold P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Triple-GEM trackers pads induction gap GEM 3 GEM 2 GEM 1 Cathode Final luminometers with Carioca FEE P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

Bhabha calorimeter design Longitudinal segmentation has been optimized keeping in mind that the total available depth is only the length of the quadrupole  20 cm 11 absorber plates + 12 samplings: 8×0.5 cm + 3×1 cm lead  12.5 X0 should ensure sufficient shower containment 12×1 cm scintillator 2:1 active:passive ratio should ensure 15%/E(GeV) resolution Lateral segmentation dictated by the need of keeping a reasonable number of channels and to have some degree of freedom in defining the acceptance We decided to equip only 10 out of 12 sectors, keeping out the f=0º-180º plane, since we expect larger backgrounds from there P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Tiles and WLS fibers “Classical” tile sampling calorimeter, lead/scintillator Scintillator tiles light read by WLS fibers Wavelength-shifting fibers [Bicron BCF-92] collecting scintillation light [and shifting from blue to green] Groove designed for optimal matching with 1.0 mm fibers [2 mm depth, 1.1 mm diameter] Each tile wrapped with Dupont TyvekTM sheet to improve light collection 12×3 fibers of one sector fed into a PMT P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

CaloLumi construction December ‘07 – January ‘08 P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

CaloLumi installation 7 February 2008 P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 DAQ KLOE SDS boards used to split, discriminate, and sum the signal to assert a trigger. A small number of NIM modules are necessary to trigger the DAQ. We have in the same crate KLOE calorimeter TDC and ADC boards as well as chamber TDC (1ns) read with AUX-bus custom architecture DAQ software is also KLOE based, running on Motorola CPU MVME6100 Negligible dead-time up to tens of kHz rate P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Trigger e+ 3 IP 1 e- 1 OR 2 3 T1 S trg 2 threshold P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Calorimeter response All events triggering events adc12 adc11 adc13 adc10 adc14 adc9 adc5 adc8 Energy sum adc6 adc7 P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Energy resolution Measured resolution with Bhabha events: 17.5% at 510 MeV [12.4%/E(GeV)] Very similar results in our BTF beam-test P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Background We can have energy deposits over threshold in another module, in addition to the couple of triggering modules: this gives us the “triples” We expect a similar level of events with no Bhabha, but with two “spurious” deposits, giving a fake coincidence P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Background Bhabha peak Si=0,…,4 (ADCi – <PED>i) Indeed not all the triggering events look like Bhabha events… …but it seems difficult to reject effectively background introducing a cut on energy Additional difficulties: dependence on sector calibration dependence on threshold background P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Background topology Cross check looking at runs with only 1 beam run 1392, e- 350 mA, 100 bunch run 1394, e+ 290 mA, 100 bunch P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

Background subtraction P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Online filter  - Use side-band to estimate background contribution under peak P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Online filter Since April 21st, 2008 During injections T1FREE is jumping up… … while T2FARM can go down due to injection veto in DAQ P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Online filter Background contribution is – quite obviously – lower at lower currents Smoothing due to statistical fluctuations 1000 events integrated by T2FARM Averaged in 15 seconds [update of DAFNE control system] P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Online filter Good e+ injection Bad e+ injections P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Out-of-time events We have assumed that in-time events are true Bhabha’s, while out-of-time coincidences, belonging to the “wide” distribution in Dt, are due to spurious events In order to validate this hypothesis, we put the beam out of collision [by shifting the RF phase of 180 degrees] in collision out of collision P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Background out of collision P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Threshold studies all events triggering Still working on data/Monte Carlo comparison… triggering/all P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Simulation All 3 monitors are simulated with GEANT3 and BHWIDE generator Touschek background generator is also included Sources No tracker σsyst GEM tracker σsyst Calo alignment ± 2mm 4% 2% Soyuz alignment ± 2mm 8% 6% SIDDHARTA Exp. 0% Energy Th. ± 60MeV 5% 1% BKG Accidentals 3% BKG γγ 0.1% Total (Σquad) 11% 7% main sources of systematic errors P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Effect of spot size y by z vs x (transverse) vs z (longitudinal) Latest results from Monte Carlo simulations: +15% with respect with online luminosity, due to finite spot size P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Soyuz q>18º P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Soyuz ~200 MeV 16º 15º 12º without 16º 15º 12º with P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Sputnik Only Soyuz P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Sputnik Since May 29th, 2008 Sputnik P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Sputnik q>22º Approximately a factor 2 in acceptance due to Sputnik limitation of minimum q angle Monte Carlo evaluation under way… Slightly less sensitive to backgrounds P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 DAFNE controls tool P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Conclusions We have a fast, background-free, and fairly precise luminosity monitor We are now tuning our Monte Carlo in order to have a better estimate of the systematic error The operation of the GEM tracker [without lead shieldings] will give a much better knowledge of the acceptance P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 More slides P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 GEM tracker 70 µm 140 µm 50 µm Gain ~20 ~8000 Pads of 6×(22-32) mm2 4 detectors with 32 channels each with a total diameter of 20 cm P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Kaon monitor mid-mid mid-dwne- mid-dwne+ P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008

P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008 Kaon monitor upe+-dwne- upe--dwne+ P. Valente – SuperB Workshop – 2nd June 2008