Coastal Kelvin Wave

Kelvin wave h=50 meters—f=10-4 1/s

Kelvin wave h=500 meters—f=10-4 1/s

Kelvin wave h=50 meters—f=2x10-5 1/s

Semi-diurnal Tides In North Sea. Classic Kelvin Wave Problem (complicated by Corner!) Blue– Tidal Range Red Time of High water

El Nino/ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) And Equatorial Dynamics

Precipitation mm/month InterTropical Convergence Zone – where the trade winds meet. Drives Upwards motion in atmosphere– and precipitation Moves Seasonally (locacted at maximum solar radiation– sort of) ON averaged displaced north of equator,

South America Ekman Transport Convergent Divergent Indonesia ITCZ Equator

South America Divergent v Low in sea level Indonesia v Px fv Divergent v Low in sea level Indonesia Px fv v High in sea level ITCZ Convergent Px fv v Px fv Divergent Low in sea level Equator v E High Low Px fv Px fv Px fv Px fv

NEC NECC SEC

Equatorial Under Current (also the Cromwell Current) Discovered by Fisherman and named in 1952

http://ecco.jpl.nasa.gov/external/anim.php This animation runs at a quarter of the speed as Clip 1 and has twice the temporal resolution that allows for  a careful examination of the high-latitude, high-frequency fluctuations. The period corresponds to that of the double Kelvin wave that preceded the 1997-98 El Nino/La Nina event (See Clip 1 caption for details.) What appears as "flickering" in Clip 1 can now be seen as a continuous fluctuation. Variations in the Southern Ocean display a tendency of eastward propagation reflecting the predominant pathway of storms. Topographic influence is evidenced by abrupt changes near topographic boundaries, such as near the Mid Ocean Ridge   south of New Zealand and Australia. Coherent changes are also evident over the Bellingshausen Basin. Although not as energetic (fast oscillating) as the model, it is interesting to note some evidence of coherence between the model's high frequency fluctuations and anomalies mapped from TOPEX/POSEIDON. Particular examples can be seen in the southern Indian Ocean (February '97) and the Bellingshausen Sea (January '97).

El Nino Impacts Tele-communications