Peasants, Trade & Cities Chapter 10 Lesson 2

New Agriculture Climate Changed after 1000 AD Technology Water & Wind Made from Iron Carruca – heavy wheeled plow Drawn by 6-8 oxen Must be bought by town – shared animals as well Three-field crop rotation First – Fall – grains (rye/wheat) Second – Spring – grains (oats /barley) and veg (peas/beans) Third - fallow

Manorial System Manor – Agriculture estate that a lord ran and peasants worked Serf – peasants legally bound to the manor Given labor services, pay rents, subject to the lord Given land to support themselves Serfs worked about 3 days for the lord Paid rent by giving a share of the product they raised Paid for use of common pasturelands, streams, ponds and woodlands

Manorial System Serf’s could not leave the manor without permission Could be tried in the lord’s court Land that supported the serf could not be easily taken away Fixed responsibilities Protection given by the Lord

Housing Simple Wood frames – cracks filled with straw Roofs were thatched Single room Some had 2 One for cooking, eating, other activities One for sleeping

Serf’s Life Aug/Sept – Harvest time October – Plant winter crops November – Slaughter of excess livestock Feb/March – Spring crops Early Spring – relaxed time – weeding and sheepherding Diet consisted of what they grew on their personal garden. Worked the Lords and personal land Bread

Medieval Cities Trade Settled near castles Protection Along trade routes Merchants and artisans became knows as bourgeoisie Large medieval trading city would have 5,000 people Trades people bought trading rights from Lords or Kings 1100 – buy and sell property, freedom from military service, written law of freedom, freedom for a escaped serves after living a year and a day in town

Medieval cities Men who were born or lived in the city a long time were citizens Eventually made local governments City Council – judges, city official who passed laws Elections rigged so rich and powerful families were elected Surrounded by expensive stone walls Guilds

Medieval woman Supervise the household Prepare meals Raise children Manage family’s finances Helped husbands in trade Sometimes took over trade if husband dies