PRESENTATION ON :- POISONING PRESENTED BY: - Mr. OMPRAKASH VERMA M.Sc. NSG 1 ST YEAR

 Poisonings are either accident or intentional accidental. poisoning occur more common in the emotional or unintentional event and also in the age of pediatric age group, where as intentional poisoning are more frequent in the adolescence and adult population. Poisoning can also occur from injected venom such as snake or insect bites.

 According to Philliph – “A poison is a chemical agent capable of producing harmful effects of the biological system.”  According to the free Dictionary – “ A substance that causes injuries, illness, or death, especially by chemical means.”

 according to Padmaja Vjay Kumar –  “ poisoning is a poison may be defined as any substance which if administered or comes in contact with a living being products ill health disease or death.”

 sources of poisoning venom,  toxins  and poisons may be originating from animals,  plants,  micro-organism  and chemicals.

 poisoning by ingestion refers to oral intake of a harmful substance which even in small amounts can damage tissue disturb body function and causes possible death.

 Lead poisoning result from consumption of lead in some from lead poisoning is common in children living in area, where they are work shop for repair or old automobiles, lead storage and batteries.

 Food poisoning mainly occur on consumption of food that is contaminated with microorganisms, toxins, or chemical causes for food poisoning.

 Vomiting  Abdominal pain  Headache  Sign of shock  Difficulty inbreathing  Loss of consciousness  Some poisons enlarge the pupil, while other shrink them.  Some result in excessive drooling, while other dry the mouth and skin.  Increased heart rate  Usual odor in breath.  Burn around the mouth

ASSESSMENT INTERVETION MANAGEMENT

Ingested poison may be corrosive which include acids & alkaline. Acids-toilet cleaners,rust remover Alkali –lye,bleach,drain cleaner Clinical manifestation  Abdominal pain&cramping  Nausea,vomiting& dirrhoea  Drowsiness or unconsciousness  Burns,odour or stain around& in mouth

 Assess airway,breathing,circulation  Identify the poison  Obtain blood&urine samples for toxicology screening  Monitor vital signs and neurologic status  Monitor fluid&electrolyte imbalance

a) Supportive care: Large-bore IV access & administer o 2 Prevent aspiration by positioning Insert an indwelling catheter b)Minimize absorption: Administer activated charcoal with cathartic To induce emesis Gastric lavage c)providing an antidote:

It is the inhalation of the products of incomplete hydrocarbon combustion. Clinical manifestation :  Headache,dizziness&visual changes  Nausea,vomiting&muscle weakness  Unconsciousness  Chest pain,respiratory&cardiac arrest

 Assess airway&breathing  Assess level of consciousness  Assess vital signs  Assess complaints of headache,muscular weakness,dizziness  Obtain blood samples for carboxyhemoglobin levels  Inspect skin

Continuous ECG monitoring Correct acid-base & electrolyte abnormalities Monitor vital signs. Provide 100% oxygen by mask Intubate if necessary to protect the airway

Insects stings or bites are injected poisons that can produce either local or systemic reactions Clinical manifestations :  Pain,erythema & edema at site.  Anaphylactic reactions may produce unconsciousness,laryngeal edema &cardiovascular collapse.

 Assess airway,breathing,&circulation  Obtain history of insect sting, previous exposure & allergies  Inspect skin for local reaction  Monitor blood pressure &respiratory status Interventions administer bronchodilator& oral anti- histamine. Apply ice packs to site & elevate the extremity. Administer tetanus prophylaxis. Clean the wound

Toxic effects occurs when a drug is taken in a larger dose than normal dose. Assessment  Assess respiration  Assess level of consciousness  Assess vital signs & perform neurologic survey.  Do physical examination. Intervention Attain control over airway,ventilation & oxygenation.

Administer IV fluids & O 2 Give drug antagonist &50%dextrose IV Administer activated charcoal Induce vomiting Do gastric lavage if unconscious Take rectal temperature Catheterize the patient. Anticipate the complications

Clinical manifestation ▪ Slow pulse& shallow or irregular breathing ▪ Confusion,weakness& exhaustion ▪ Nausea,vomiting&diarrhea ▪ Headache,cold sweating ▪ Unconsciousness

Maintain airway,breathing circulation Administer atropine as antidote Administer activated charcoal Do gastric lavage Do Suctioning Administer IV fluids,O 2 Catheterize the patient.

Assessment  Obtain history from patient or family  Collect food, gastric content, vomits, serum for examination  Assess patient’s vital signs  Assess fluid & electrolyte imbalance

Monitor vital signs Maintain fluid& electrolyte balance Administer anti emetic medication Institute measures to support respiratory system

 Teach the family member prevent from keep all poison out of children.  Encourage to maintain personal hygiene  Teach sign and symptom of poisoning.  Wash your hand well with soap and water after handling any pesticides.  Don't make a person vomit, if he has swallowed kerosene, gasoline, petrol or strong acid.

 At the end of the health education, patient and family member are able to know about the topic, definition, source of poisoning, types of poisoning, sign and symptom of poisoning, and prevention of poisoning.