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Presentation transcript:

Today’s Learning Target: You will be able to describe the structure and function of carbohydrates.

Lets Carb Up!!! January 18, 2019

A. Functions Used by cells to store and release energy Simple Sugars = quick release energy Monosaccharides and disaccharides Starch = Long term energy storage Found in plants Glycogen = Long term energy storage Found in animals Stored in liver

Functions (cont.) Used to make cell structures Cellulose Structural component in plants Chitin Structural component in animals

B. What are they made of? Made of… (Hint: look at the name) Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio General Formula (CH2O)n n = number of carbons

C. Types of Carbohydrates Monosaccharides = monomer units Means 1 sugar or simple sugar Ring Shaped molecules Provide quick energy for cells

Examples Glucose Most common Plants make glucose during photosynthesis Structure: ring shaped (see image) Formula: C6H12O6

Types of Carbohydrates (cont.) Disaccharides 2 monosaccharides linked together by Dehydration synthesis

Macromolecule Formation Process = Dehydration Synthesis Removal of OH + H forms water, H2O Leaves bonding sites that join monomer units. Monomer OH H H2O Polymer

Examples Sucrose Glucose and fructose Found in regular table sugar Lactose Glucose and galactose Found in dairy products

Types of Carbohydrates (cont.) Polysaccharides = Polymers Can be made of 100 to 1000’s of monosaccharides Many monosaccharides linked together by Dehydration Synthesis

Examples Starch – storage polysaccharide Made entirely of glucose Found in potato, rice, wheat Other Examples Glycogen Cellulose Chitin

Let’s Do Some Practice Questions! Please grab your clickers!

Which of the following represents a monosaccharide? 1. 2. Picture Choice 1 Picture Choice 2 Picture Choice 3 Picture Choice 4 3. 4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

What elements are present in carbohydrates? (Answer all that apply) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

How does a simple sugar become a polysaccharide? Adding water Removing water I need help with this. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

The molecular formula for Glucose is which of the following? I need help with this. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Molecule(s) “X” are most likely: Carbohydrates Monomers Polymers Water Starch I need help with this. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

If molecule Y is a polysaccharide molecules “W” are most likely: Carbohydrates Monosaccharides Disaccharides Water Starch I need help with this. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Which of the following molecules is glucose? A A B C D I need help with this. B D C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

The molecular formula for the image below is which of the following? I need help with this. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Which of the following is not a disaccharide? Maltose Lactose Glucose Sucrose I need help with this. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

If molecule “Y” is starch, molecules marked “W” are most likely: Maltose Sucrose Glucose Galactose Fructose I need help with this. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22