Thermoset Materials MFG 355.

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Presentation transcript:

Thermoset Materials MFG 355

Introduction Thermoplastics vs Thermosets Thermal properties Strength Uses Processing

Viscosity and Thermal Control during Crosslinking

General Properties of Thermosets Strength Flexibility Thermal Creep Ability to reinforce Ability to cure at room temperature

Formaldehyde Resins Phenolic Urea formaldehyde Melamine formaldehyde

Crosslinking Reactive Groups—Phenolics Formaldehyde Phenol Plus

Thermoset Types Phenolics

Crosslinking Reactive Groups—Amino plastics Formaldehyde Plus Amine

Amine plastics – clear adhesive Chipboard

Crosslinking as Polymers are Formed Three active sites Formaldehyde Melamine Plus

Crosslinking as Polymers are Formed Melamine Formaldehyde Water

Thermoset Types Melamine Plastics

Crosslinking as Polymers are Formed Water Melamine Formaldehyde

Polyester Thermosets (TS) or Unsaturated Polyesters (UP) Largest group of thermosets Most like to be reinforced with fiberglass

Crosslinking Reactive Groups—Unsaturated polyesters Plus Carbon-carbon Double bond Initiator (usually peroxide)

Thermoset Types Unsaturated Polyesters

Crosslinking Mechanism for Thermoset Polyesters Styrene (large quantities) Peroxide

Crosslinking – Heat Peroxide breaks apart

Crosslinking – Approach of styrene

Crosslinking – bond to styrene When styrene's double bond breaks, one end forms a free radical Half of peroxide bonds with other end of broken styrene molecule

Crosslinking – approach to polymer Styrene free radical causes the polymer's double bond to break and allows it to accept a new pi bond

Crosslinking– bonding to polymer New free radical New bond Problems: Polymers not lined up, steric interference Solution: Styrene

Crosslinking– approach of styrene

Crosslinking– activation of styrene Styrene's double bond opens, allowing two new free radical sites

Crosslinking – bonding of styrene New bond Double bond opens but can't create a bond with any other open bond because of steric effects Problems: Polymers still not lined up, steric interference Solution: Still more styrene

Crosslinking – bonding of 2nd styrene Free radical New bond

Crosslinking– bonding with 2nd polymer Up to 8 styrenes might be needed in the bridge New bond

Crosslinking– bonding with 2nd polymer Etc.

Crosslinking– more styrene

Crosslinking– more styrene

Crosslinking–bonding to 3rd polymer

Laminating Resins

Additives to Thermoset Polyesters Fillers like Calcium Carbonate Tougheners like rubbers Antioxidants and UV stabilizers Reinforcements

Molding Compounds

Molding Compounds

Crosslinking Reactive Groups—Epoxies Plus Epoxy Rings Hardener (amine shown)

Thermoset Types Epoxies

Vinyl Esters (VE)

Polyimides React with addition reaction Carbon-carbon Double bond Imide Condensation Imide React with addition reaction

Thermoset Types Imides

Crosslinking Reactive Groups—Polyurethanes Plus Diisocyanates Polyols

Thermoset Types Polyurethanes

Crosslinking Between two Existing Polymer Chains Polymerization Active Sites Crosslinking Active Site

Thank You