History & Opportunities Chapter 1 Pages 5-19

Inspirational thought for the day: “A man is a success if he gets up in the morning and goes to bed at night, and in between does what he wants to do.”

Learning Motivation (Why?) Becoming aware of the history of cosmetology will help us understand current trends and plan for success in the future. We must also understand what our own goals and objectives are in the field of cosmetology before we can put into place a plan of action for success.

What is a cosmetologist? Divide into groups and brainstorm about all the qualities and skills you believe are required of a cosmetologist and what you have observed during your own visits to a salon.

A cosmetologist is… Advice giver Professional expert in practical skills areas Artistic Designer Creator Trustworthy Businessperson

A cosmetologist is… Self-promoter Poised and well-groomed Effective communicator Being current with trends and technologies

Are these people professional cosmetologists?

Could this person be a professional cosmetologist?

Which one would you want to give you a “make-over”?

Reaching Your Goals YOU are responsible for your own learning. There are some “rules” you can follow to ensure your success from the very beginning of your enrollment.

Be prepared. (have all necessary materials ready) Listen attentively. Rules For Success Attend all classes. Arrive for class early. Be prepared. (have all necessary materials ready) Listen attentively.

Rules for success cont. Highlight important points. Take notes (they will help you review later) Take advantage of review sessions (Pay close attention when the teacher summarizes). Ask questions (When something is not clear, ask, ask, ask until it is).

Rules for success cont. Seek further education (never stop learning… it is lifelong. Read industry magazines; remain abreast of changes in the industry). Like what you do (To enjoy the most out of your career, you should enjoy it to the fullest and not view it as drudgery. The field of cosmetology offers so much variety; make it fun, be committed to your success.

As we learn more about this new chosen profession, our goals will change and grow as will our action plan. Let’s take a look where this great industry began and what the future holds for you in your new career.

Early History The field of cosmetology is recognized as one of the oldest professions in the world.

Cosmetology / Barbering Derived from the Greek word “kosmetikos” which means “skilled in the use of cosmetics.” The term “barber” is derived from the Latin word “barba” which means “the beard” or “the hair of the beard.”

Archeological Studies Reveal that haircutting and hairstyling were practiced as early as the glacial age.

Sharpened flints Oyster shells Bone Animal sinew Strips of hide Implements Sharpened flints Oyster shells Bone Animal sinew Strips of hide

Ancient Written Records Indicate that barbers serviced the priesthood and nobility in Egypt over 6000 years ago. They were the first we know of to use cosmetics for beautification, religious ceremonies, and preparation of the deceased for burial.

Haircoloring Color was made from berries, tree bark, minerals, insects, nuts, herbs, leaves and other materials. The color was used on the hair, skin and nails. We believe Henna was first used as hair dye in 1500B.C. Egyptian tombs reveal combs, brushes, mirrors, cosmetics and razors made of tempered bronze and copper.

Haircoloring cont. Egyptian and Roman women temporarily waved their hair by applying a mixture of soil and water (mud) to the hair and wrapping it around crudely made wooden rollers to bake in the sun.

Greece – 500 B.C. Hairstyling became a highly developed art.

Rome – 296 B.C. Noblewomen: red hair Middle-class: blonde hair Hairstyling introduced; women used hair color to indicate class in society as follows: Noblewomen: red hair Middle-class: blonde hair Poor women: black hair

Barbering And Medicine In medieval times, cosmetology and medicine were taught as combined subjects in English universities. When Pope Alexander III forbad clergy to shed blood, barbers assisted monks and priest during surgery.

Barbering And Medicine Bloodletting and surgery Administered herbs Pulled teeth – For more than a thousand years barbers were know as barber-surgeons.

Results from the bloodletting procedure. The Barber Pole Results from the bloodletting procedure.

Pole = the staff Patients held a staff tightly in order for the veins in the arm to stand out.

Bottom = Basin Basin was the vessel that caught the blood.

White bandages = stop blood The bandages used to stop the bleeding were hung on the staff to dry. The stained bandages would twist around the pole forming the red/white candy-cane pattern. Another interpretation is that the red represented the blood, blue the veins, and white the bandages. Barbers still use the symbol today.

Fourteenth Century Marked the transition in Western civilization from medieval times to modern history.

Renaissance Emphasis was placed on physical appearance; hair was carefully dressed and ornaments and headdresses were worn.

1450 Law passed that separated barbering and surgery except for dentistry.

1541 Henry VIII reunited barbers and surgeons of London. It was short-lived because bloodletting became obsolete.

Late 1700s Law passed officially separating barbers from surgeons; hairstyling emerged as an independent profession.

Nineteenth Century An era marked by research and innovation; many changes in hair care.

1875 Frenchman, Marcel Grateau, developing hot irons for waving and curling hair. Evolved into what we know today as marcel waving.

1892 Frenchman, Alexandre F. Godefroy, invented a hot-blast hair dryer.

1890 First hairdressing academy opening in Chicago by Frenchmen, Brisbois and Federmeyer.

Twentieth Century Before the 20th century, hairstyling was typically limited to the upper class for social status, religious believes, political status, military rank, and simply fashion. Beginning in the 20th century, hairstyling began to follow trends and soon became available to all classes of people.

Madam C.J. Walker Daughter of former slaves Began as washerwoman – earned $4 to $ 12 weekly as an uneducated washerwoman. Born Sarah Breedlove in 1867 – she was orphaned at age seven, married by 14, mother at 17, widowed by age 20.

Madam C.J. Walker cont. Began losing hair in 1890s – Which caused her to experiment with store bought products and homemade remedies. 1906 married C.J. Walker –Began selling a scalp conditioning and healing formula called “Madam Walker’s Wonderful Hair Grower.” Sold the product door to door. 1910 – Moved her company to Indianapolis; built a factory, hair salon and training school.

Madam C.J. Walker cont. Devoted time to causes – such as NAACP and the YMCA in Indianapolis. 1917 – Organized a convention for Madam C.J. Walker Hair Culturists Union of America. It was one of the first national meetings for businesswomen ever held. 1998 – U.S. Postal Service issued the Madam C.J. Walker commemorative stamp, the 21st in the Black Heritage Series.

History of Permanent Waving 1905- Electric Machine Charles Nessler invented the electric perm machine that supplied electrical current to metal rods that the hair was wrapped around. They were heated during the waving process; kept away from the scalp by a complex system of counterbalancing weights suspended from an overhead apparatus.

Electric Machine Charles Nessler using his electric machine to produce a Nessler waved hairstyle.

Spiral wrapping Long hair was wrapped from scalp to ends.

Croquignole wrapping After WWI, women cut their hair and this method used an implement which wound the shorter hair from the ends to the scalp.

1931- Preheat Method Preheat method was developed where hair was wrapped croquignole style and then preheated clamps were clamped around the rods.

1932- Machineless Perm Ralph L. Evans and Everett G. McDonough developed a heat method using a chemical reaction. Small chemical pads using a chemical mixture were wound around hair strands. When pads were moistened with water, a chemical heat was released that created long-lasting curls.

1941- Waving Lotion Called the cold wave because no heat was used. This procedure virtually replaced all former methods. Cold waving and permanent waving became synonymous. Also called “texture service” today.

After 1950 In latter half of 20th century, the industry experienced unrivaled growth and expansion. Advancements in technology and innovative techniques in haircutting, chemical services, esthetics, and nail extensions have broadened the industry extensively.

Today How are you affected by all this growth? All the new services and skills have transformed and expanded the role of cosmetologists, requiring us to know more than ever before and making continuing education or lifelong learning a necessity!

Career Opportunities Work in pairs and share with each other what position you want to hold when you graduate and why. Write it down on paper to turn in. Do any of you have a career goal different than anything discussed?

Salon Stylist - Duties Perform all services offered Reception desk duties – includes meeting and greeting clients; answering phone; making appointment; calling clients to remind them of appointments; selling retail, etc.

Salon Stylist – Duties cont. Retaining practical skills Building clientele Updating client record cards Referrals to other specialists Good customer relations Good communication skills Sanitation Dependability

Haircolor Specialist Selects and formulates color- and processes it to enhance client’s hair. Options as a haircolor specialists include: Color trainer Working for a color manufacturer Platform artist demonstrating haircolor skills and products Working as a color correction specialist

Haircolor Specialist cont. Advanced classes required

Texture Service Specialist Adding and removing curl This is one of the most effective ways to give the client the look they really desire. Options in this area include working in product research and development as well as a platform artist demonstrating skills and products.

Wig or Extension Specialist Create dramatic or subtle changes for clients Braiding Weaving Bonding Gluing Sewing Assisting cancer patients Assisting men with hair loss

Good communications and flare for selling required. Retail Specialist Good communications and flare for selling required.

Retail Specialist Handling and selling products – All professionals in our industry are called upon to sell products. Handling merchandise/inventory Representing manufacturers

Skin Care Specialist / Esthetician Help perfect the look and health of skin Work in spa Give demonstrations Consult – For a cosmetic or skin care company Retail

Makeup Artist Apply cosmetics Image consultant In salon or independently – If you freelance, you can create your own schedule. Television or movies Theater production Sell retail

Nail Technician One of fastest-growing areas of the profession. Manicures and pedicures Nail extensions Nail art retail

Day Spa This provides the “one-stop-shopping” opportunity for clients. Offer full salon services – Hair, skin, nails, body massage and wraps, hydrotherapy, etc.

Day Spa cont. Specialize in select services Health and beauty of the skin and body Retail Teamwork a must

Salon Manager Supervise employees Leadership skills needed Trainer, counselor, coach Personnel development Purchasing, advertising, budgeting Communication and people skills May also perform services

Salon Owner This role will require you to do everything a salon manager does plus be responsible for the bottom line of the establishment and also handle payroll, taxes, accounts payable, etc.

Product Educator Good if you like travel, meeting people and sharing knowledge.

Product Educator cont. Good communication skills Good people skills Dynamic image Good public speaker Product knowledge Product demonstrations

Additional education required; internship recommended. Cosmetic Chemist Additional education required; internship recommended.

Research and experimentation For cosmetic manufacturer Cosmetic Chemist cont. Research and experimentation For cosmetic manufacturer Consult for several companies

Session Hairstylist Does hair and makeup for models being photographed for magazines and books. You may work freelance or for a specific magazine. Excellent styling and makeup skills required.

Stylist for movies, theater skills in all services required Weekly TV shows Specific network Theater groups Movie production firms Freelance

Styles or Artistic Director You will work with videographers, fashion magazines, publishers, product manufacturers, and education companies.

Styles or Artistic Director Must meet deadlines Work with a budget Manage people Have artistic and creative ability Can forecast trends

Design Team Member You will work with a stylist director to create presentations for fashion shows, runway work, convention luncheons, gala banquets or hair shows. They may include themes ranging from weddings to futuristic scenes or periods in history

Platform Artist You will need to enjoy travel, performing for people, being on stage, and sharing your knowledge. You will probably work out of a salon during the week and travel to events on the weekends.

Excellent salon skills Good communication skills Good stage presence Platform Artist cont. Excellent salon skills Good communication skills Good stage presence

Competition Champion If challenge and competition appeal to you, you may want to compete for prizes and prestige in the various cosmetology local, state, national and world championships.

Competition Champion cont. Dedication, self-discipline Good work habits Excellent skills

Educator Must have patience, good communication and people skills, as well as energy. Additional training may be required.

Educator cont. For product manufacturer Continuing education provider Cosmetology school Salon chain

Writer/Author Your background and other writing skills may afford you the opportunity to write articles, books, brochures, columns, textbooks, and even video script. You may work for a publishing company or freelance. You may review books or serve as a technical consultant for a publishing company. Additional training may be required.

State Board Member This is a great way to serve the industry and contribute positively to its growth and improvement.