Impact of WWI at Home I will analyze how WWI spurred social, political, and economic change in the United States.

Read One American’s Story Explain why the United States stopped being neutral and joined the Allied powers in WWI. Read one American’s Story on page 388 Explain how WWI impacted the lives of women in America. Title Notes: WWI at Home in America

Reading Read pages 388 to 390 and create Cornell notes explaining: Wilson Gaining more economic control War Industries Board War Economy National Labor Board Food Administration

Congress gives more power to Wilson Because World War I was such an immense conflict, the entire economy had to be refocused on the war effort. Business and government collaborated in the effort to produce war supplies. The power of government was greatly expanded. Congress gave President Wilson more economic power: fix prices Regulate or nationalize war-related industries.

War Industries Board War Industries Board (WIB)- main economic regulation body.. The board encouraged companies to use mass-production techniques to increase efficiency. eliminate waste by standardizing products The WIB set production quotas and allocated raw materials. Effects industrial production increased 20% , however retail prices soared Corporate profits grew in industries like chemicals, meatpacking, oil, and steel.

Other Economic Regulatory Agencies Railroad Administration controlled the railroads Fuel Administration monitored coal supplies and rationed gasoline and heating oil. people adopted “gasless Sundays” and “lightless nights” to conserve fuel. March 1918, introduced daylight-saving time, to take advantage of the longer days of summer.

War Economy National Labor Board settled disputes between companies and workers Workers who disobeyed lost their draft exemptions “Work or fight” improved factory conditions. eight-hour workday promoted safety inspections enforced the child labor ban Industrial wages rise; offset by rising costs of food, housing Large corporations make enormous profits Unions boom from dangerous conditions, child labor, unfair pay 6000 Strikes

Food Administration American food shipments to the Allies tripled because Homeowners planted “victory gardens” Food Grown in public parks. Hoover increased wheat prices Farmers put an additional 40 million acres into production. Not rationing food Promoted: “gospel of the clean plate.” Hoover declared weekly: 1 day “meatless,” 1 day “sweetless,” 2 days “wheatless,” 2 days “porkless.” Restaurants removed sugar bowls served bread only after the first course.

Food Administration

Check for Understanding Explain the importance of each of the following political impact of WWI at home: War Industries Board Food Administration National Labor Board

Reading Read pages 390 to 391 and create Cornell notes explaining: Financing the war Propaganda Read pages 391 to 392 and create Cornell notes explaining: Anti-Immigrant Hysteria Espionage and Sedition Acts

Selling the War War Financing U.S. spends $35.5 billion on war effort 1/3 paid through taxes, 2/3 borrowed through sale of war bonds

Selling the War Committee on Public Information Propaganda—biased communication designed to influence people Former muckraker George Creel heads Committee on Public Information Creel produces visual works, printed matter to promote war Gets 75K volunteers, “Four-Minute Men” to speak about war, distribute materials Topics: the draft, rationing, bond drives, victory gardens, “Why We Are Fighting” and “The Meaning of America.”

War Propaganda American Poster

War Propaganda Financing the War

Check for Understanding Explain how the war was financed. Explain why propaganda was used and how it impacted America.

Reading Read pages 391 to 392 and create Cornell notes explaining: Anti-Immigrant Hysteria Espionage and Sedition Acts

Attacks on Civil Liberties Propaganda promoted patriotism but also inflamed hatred for immigrants

Attacks on Civil Liberties Anti-Immigrant Hysteria Attacks against immigrants, especially from Germany, Austria-Hungary Suppression of German culture—music, language, literature People with German names lost jobs Violence against German Americans

Attacks on Civil Liberties Espionage and Sedition Acts Espionage and Sedition Acts—person can be fined $100,000 or imprisoned for 20 years for: interfering with war effort, speaking against government or the war effort Violate 1st amendment; prosecute loosely defined antiwar activities target socialists, labor leaders Debs received 10 year prison sentence IWW targeted…eventually faded away

Attacks on Civil Liberties Espionage and Sedition Acts 2,000 Prosecutions Half convicted Anti-war newspapers lost mailing privileges Congressman Berger not allowed to go to Congress

Check for Understanding How did people lose their rights during the war? Argue if the Espionage and Sedition Acts were justifiable during WWI.

Reading Read pages 392 to 394 and create Cornell notes explaining: African Americans and the War The Great Migration Women and the War

The War Encourages Social Change African Americans and the War Du Bois urges support for war to strengthen call for racial justice Most African Americans support war However - Some think victims of racism should not support racist government Great Migration—large-scale movement of Southern blacks to North escape racial discrimination in Jim Crow South take up new job opportunities- Factories were hiring as farms were struggling Press of new migrants intensifies racial tensions in North

Great Migration Between 1910 and 1930, hundreds of thousands of African Americans migrated to such cities as Chicago, New York, and Philadelphia.

Women in the War Women moved into jobs that had been held exclusively by men. railroad workers cooks, dockworkers, bricklayers. Coal Miners Ship Builders. Many women continued to fill more traditional jobs nurses, clerks, and teachers.

Women in the War President Wilson acknowledged, “The services of women during the supreme crisis have been of the most signal usefulness and distinction; it is high time that part of our debt should be acknowledged.” Women did not receive equal pay for equal work, Women in the war effort won support for Women suffrage In 1919, Congress finally passed the Nineteenth Amendment, granting women the right to vote. In 1920 the amendment was ratified by the states.

Check for Understanding Explain how WWI impacted the lives socially of the following two groups: African Americans Women.

DOL Justify how WWI impacted America at home in each of the following ways: (At least 2 examples explained for each) Politically Socially Culturally