Civilisation des Etats-Unis-10 The Media

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Civilisation des Etats-Unis-10 The Media Prof. Sämi Ludwig Université de Haute Alsace Mulhouse (France)

Prof. Sämi Ludwig Université de Haute Alsace Mulhouse (France) 1 The Press 1st Amendment: “freedom of speech” - press as “fourth estate,” government watchdog (division of power)  “muckraking,” Watergate scandal (Washington Post)  journalists protected (confidential sources) - NYTimes’ Pentagon Papers vs. “embedded journalists” Early morning paper boys - weekend papers (70% advertising) - foreign-language papers (minorities), e.g. Yiddish, Spanish - from daily newspaper to internet

Prof. Sämi Ludwig Université de Haute Alsace Mulhouse (France) 1 The Press Magazines: TVGuide, Reader’s Digest, diversified Newsweek, Time magazine, US News and World Report, Homes and Gardens, McCall’s, Ms, …  weekly, for women? for men? for intellectuals? = great specialization!!! Penthouse, Playboy, New York Review of Books, New Republic, Atlantic, The New Yorker, …

Prof. Sämi Ludwig Université de Haute Alsace Mulhouse (France) Dailies: USA Today, Wall Street Journal, NYTimes, LATimes, Washington Post, Boston Globe, San Francisco Chronicle, etc. News Agencies: Associated Press (AP), United Press International (UPI), British Reuters Multimedia Groups: AOL Time Warner, Disney, Rupert Murdoch Citizen Journalism on the net: Twitter, Facebook, blogs, Tom’s Dispatch, Huffington Post, etc.  but: digital revolution???

Prof. Sämi Ludwig Université de Haute Alsace Mulhouse (France) 2 Prof. Sämi Ludwig Université de Haute Alsace Mulhouse (France) 2. Television - national pastime after WWII: ate age 18: 15’000h watching 1934 FCC (Federal Communications Commission) distributes licences and frequencies - three major networks “broadcast”: CBS, NBC, ABC … and Fox TV - independent local stations depend on syndicators - cable TV: HBO (Home Box Office), CNN, MTV, specialized audiences, Telemundo (in Spanish), etc. - pay-per-view system: multi-purpose TV (Netflix?)

Prof. Sämi Ludwig Université de Haute Alsace Mulhouse (France) Content: - “infotainment” = reality shows, talk shows (Jerry Springer) - morning TV news - soap operas for housewives!  very commercial (Super Bowl!) - V-chip to protect children - political campaigns (very expensive), televangelists - PBS (Public Broadcasting System) - rental DVDs to Netflix…

Prof. Sämi Ludwig Université de Haute Alsace Mulhouse (France) 3 Prof. Sämi Ludwig Université de Haute Alsace Mulhouse (France) 3. Radio - 1920s, FDR’s “fireside chats” - golden age until 1950s, live orchestras  Woody Allen’s Radio Days Today: FM stations mainly music, talk shows, call-in format, often conservative ownership, except NPR (National Public Radio) or VOA (Voice of America) 4. Social Media??? YouTube?  globalization?  reliable source of information? Fake news?