KNEE:

BONES OF THE KNEE: Femur: proximal Tibia: distal & medial Fibula: distal & lateral Patella: anterior

LIGAMENTS OF THE KNEE: ACL: Anterior Cruciate Ligament PCL: Posterior Cruciate Ligament MCL: Medial Collateral Ligament LCL: Lateral Collateral Ligament

Anterior Cruciate Ligament: ACL prevents anterior movement of the tibia or posterior movement of the femur.

Posterior Cruciate Ligament: PCL: prevents posterior movement of the tibia or anterior movement of the femur. Also known as dashboard knee

Medial Collateral Ligament: MCL: prevents VALGUS stress on the knee or an inward bending of the knee

Lateral Collateral Ligament: LCL prevents VARUS stress on the knee or an outward bending of the knee.

MENISCUS: Each knee contains 2 meniscus...one medial and one lateral. Meniscus are padding between the femur and the tibia. the lateral meniscus is “O: shaped the medial meniscus is “C” shaped

PATELLAR TENDON: The patellar tendon is a tendon that connects the quadriceps muscle over the patella and attaches to the tibial tuberosity on the anterior side of the tibia.

BURSA: THERE ARE 6 BURSA IN THE KNEE 4 AROUND THE PATELLA ONE ON THE MEDIAL SIDE OF THE KNEE ONE ON THE POSTERIOR SIDE OF THE KNEE

KNEE JOINT: THE KNEE IS A HINGE JOINT MEANING THAT IT HAS TWO MOVEMENTS THE KNEE IS ALSO A SYNOVIAL JOINT MEANING THAT IT IS A FREELY MOVEABLE JOINT

MOVEMENTS OF THE KNEE: FLEXION EXTENSION

INJURIES TO THE KNEE: SPRAINS STRAINS MENISCUS TEAR PATELLAR TENDONITIS BURSITIS FRACTURE DISLOCATION

SPRAIN: A SPRAIN IS AN INJURY TO A LIGAMENT A KNEE SPRAIN CAN OCCUR TO ANY OF THE 4 KNEE LIGAMENTS ACL SPRAIN/TEAR IS THE MOST SEVERE KNEE LIGAMENT INJURY AND CAN LEAD TO SURGERY AND TAKE UP TO 9 MONTHS TO RECOVER

STRAIN: A STRAIN IS AN INJURY TO A MUSCLE OR TENDON KNEE STRAINS CAN OCCUR TO THE QUADRICEPS, HAMSTRINGS, GASTROCNEMIUS(CA LF MUSCLE), OR ADDUCTORS(GROIN).

MENISCUS TEAR: YOU CAN TEAR ONE OR BOTH OF THE MENISCUS IN THE KNEE MENISCUS TEARS CAN LEAD TO SURGERY

PATELLAR TENDONITIS: PATELLAR TENDONITIS IS THE INFLAMMATION AND/OR SORENESS OF THE PATELLAR TENDON

BURSITIS: BURSITIS IS THE INFLAMMATIO N OR SORENESS OF ONE OR MORE BURSA IT CAN HAPPEN TO ANY ONE OF THE 6 BURSA IN THE KNEE

FRACTURE: A FRACTURE CAN OCCUR TO ANY ONE OF THE 4 BONES MAKING UP THE KNEE THE FEMUR BEING MOST UNLIKELY SINCE IT IS THE STRONGEST BONE OF THE BODY THE FIBULA CAN BECOME FRACTURED AND NOT KNOWN DUE THE FACT THAT THE FIBULA IS NON WEIGHT BEARING

DISLOCATION: A KNEE DISLOCATION CAN OCCUR TO THE PATELLA OR TO THE TIBIA/FIBULA AND FEMUR THE MOST COMMON KNEE DISLOCATION IS THE PATELLA, WHICH USUALLY OCCURS LATERALLY

OSGOOD SCHLATTER’S: THIS DISEASE HAPPENS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS DURING GROWTH SPURTS THAT ARE ACTIVE IN SPORTS IT CAN CAUSE A PAINFUL BONY BUMP OVER THE TIBIAL TUBEROSITY

CHONDROMALACIA: DEGENERATION OF THE CARTILAGE UNDERNEATH THE PATELLA CAUSING PAIN BECAUSE OF BONE ON BONE RUBBING WITH FLEXION AND EXTENSION