Blood & Blood Vessels by a professor named...

Respiratory System (Credit: Mr Parr & One Direction) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4zOXOM6wgE&feature=endscreen&NR=1

The Heart Song (Credit: Mr Parr) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-wilmN80XE

Blood & Blood Vessels Questions to Master Name the 3 types of blood vessels and describe the differences Describe the 4 parts of blood

2/1/2019 Blood Vessels Form a closed circuit of tubes that carry blood throughout the body Laid end to end, the blood vessels in an average human body will stretch approximately 62,000 miles……2.5 times around the earth http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_vessel http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.familydoctor.co.uk/htdocs/varicose/images/vari2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.familydoctor.co.uk/htdocs/varicose/varicose_specimen.html&h=405&w=420&sz=33&hl=en&start=9&um=1&tbnid=JTdZjmrqR8xSnM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=125&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dveins%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

Blood Vessels Have characteristic features 2/1/2019 Blood Vessels Have characteristic features Are distinguished by size, tissue layers and direction of blood flow http://www.colorado.edu/kines/Class/IPHY3430-200/image/figure10b1.jpg 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

Blood Vessels There are 3 types of blood vessels a. Artery b. Vein 2/1/2019 Blood Vessels There are 3 types of blood vessels a. Artery b. Vein c. Capillary 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

Classes of blood vessels Arteries and arterioles carry blood away from the heart. Veins and venules carry blood to the heart. Capillaries allow exchange of nutrients, wastes and gases. 01/02/2019

Blood Vessels Arteries Receive blood from ventricles 2/1/2019 Blood Vessels Arteries Receive blood from ventricles Take blood away from the heart Usually carry oxygenated blood Thickest vessel walls Withstand greater blood pressure Are very elastic Connect to capillaries Aorta is the largest artery http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/blood.gif&imgrefurl=http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/06circulatorysystem.html&h=540&w=720&sz=70&hl=en&start=129&um=1&tbnid=B1DRAhnggWJN0M:&tbnh=105&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dblood%2Bmoving%2Banimation%26start%3D120%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

Arterioles Arterioles branch off of arteries. Arterioles can constrict to direct and control blood flow. They may, for example, increase or decrease blood supply to the skin. 01/02/2019

Blood Vessels Capillaries Smallest of blood vessels 2/1/2019 Capillaries Smallest of blood vessels Only one cell thick (epithelial cell) Connect arteries to veins Bring oxygen and nutrients to cells Removes CO2, urea, and other wastes from cells Where blood is under low pressure and moving slowly http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/blood.gif&imgrefurl=http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/06circulatorysystem.html&h=540&w=720&sz=70&hl=en&start=129&um=1&tbnid=B1DRAhnggWJN0M:&tbnh=105&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dblood%2Bmoving%2Banimation%26start%3D120%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

Capillary A collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed. 2/1/2019 Capillary A collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed. artery vein capillaries body cell 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

Blood Vessels Veins Transport blood away from capillaries 2/1/2019 Blood Vessels Veins Transport blood away from capillaries Carry blood toward heart Take blood to atria Have valves Thinner vessel walls with less smooth muscles than arteries Can stretch a great deal Have larger diameters Usually carry de-oxygenated blood Vena cava is the largest vein http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/veins.gif 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

Veins Veins have thinner walls than arteries. Veins have fewer smooth muscle cells, but do have valves. How do valves and the skeletal muscles help veins function? 01/02/2019

Blood Vessels 2/1/2019 Calf muscle relaxed contracts Muscle squeezes veins Veins constrict; blood moves; valves open Veins dialated; blood still; valves closed Valves OPEN CLOSED http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.familydoctor.co.uk/htdocs/varicose/images/vari2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.familydoctor.co.uk/htdocs/varicose/varicose_specimen.html&h=405&w=420&sz=33&hl=en&start=9&um=1&tbnid=JTdZjmrqR8xSnM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=125&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dveins%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN http://www.merck.com/media/mmhe2/figures/fg036_1.gif The contraction of muscles compressing veins helps push blood up through the leg veins back to the heart. The valves allow the blood to flow towards the heart only. 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

2/1/2019 Blood Vessels Arteriole Venule Tissue cells Vein Artery capillaries Capillaries A network of capillaries runs close to the cells in every part of the body. The capillaries have very thin walls which allows nutrients to diffuse through into the tissues and waste products to filter back into the capillaries. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/ADN_animation.gif&imgrefurl=http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/Print_Version&h=313&w=181&sz=1029&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbnid=PQleQxY_3NWqoM:&tbnh=117&tbnw=68&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dvasoconstriction%2Banimation%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

w3.uokhsc.edu 01/02/2019

2/1/2019 http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/Cardiovascular%20System.htm 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

4 parts of the blood and their functions

2/1/2019 Blood A circulating connective tissue consisting of several types of cells in a fluid called plasma. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mybloodyourblood.org/images/hs_images/red%2520blood%2520cell%25201.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mybloodyourblood.org/hs_video.htm&h=965&w=1276&sz=93&hl=en&start=45&um=1&tbnid=uDmHPU1weRgIbM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dblood%2Bcells%26start%3D40%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=91871&rendTypeId=34 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

2/1/2019 Blood This is an actual picture of White Blood Cells, in with some red blood cells. Purple = platelets Green = white cell Yellow= white cell *seen through a scanning electron microscope *our microscopes were light microscopes – compound light microscopes to be exact because they had 2 lenses http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://citylightsnews.com/randy/glossary/images/white_blood_cells.jpeg&imgrefurl=http://citylightsnews.com/randy/glossary/glossary_tuvwxyz.htm&h=260&w=324&sz=18&hl=en&start=179&um=1&tbnid=XGCo03p5iD8F9M:&tbnh=95&tbnw=118&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dblood%2Bcells%26start%3D160%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

what’s in BLOOD digested food red blood cells white blood cells oxygen 2/1/2019 what’s in digested food red blood cells white blood cells BLOOD oxygen waste (urea) platelets carbon dioxide hormones plasma 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

Blood What percent of your body is blood? 8% 2/1/2019 Blood What percent of your body is blood? How much blood do we contain? On average 4-6 liters We contain about a pint of blood for every 15 pounds of body weight Composition of Blood: What percent of your blood is made of cells? What percent of your blood is plasma? 8% http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://tuberose.com/Graphics/blood.jpg&imgrefurl=http://tuberose.com/Blood.html&h=496&w=504&sz=62&hl=en&start=285&um=1&tbnid=KyERLsAEAXH4eM:&tbnh=128&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dblood%2Bcells%26start%3D280%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN 45% 55% 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

Blood Functions of blood: Supply oxygen to body cells 2/1/2019 Blood Functions of blood: Supply oxygen to body cells Supply glucose (& other nutrients) to body cells Removal of wastes such as (CO2 , urea, lactic acid) from cells Immune system functions *circulates white blood cells *detects foreign material (invaders) by antibodies 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

Blood What is plasma? A clear, straw colored fluid 2/1/2019 Blood What is plasma? A clear, straw colored fluid What percent of plasma is water? What’s in plasma? Buffy coat leukocytes and platelets (<1% of whole blood) Erythrocytes (45% of whole blood) Plasma (55% of whole blood) Formed elements 90% Dissolved gasses Vitamins Minerals Salts Nutrients Enzymes Hormones Waste products Plasma proteins 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

Plasma Plasma contains useful substances like glucose proteins 2/1/2019 Plasma Plasma contains useful substances like glucose proteins minerals vitamins hormones It also contains carbon dioxide waste materials A straw-coloured liquid that carries the cells and the platelets which help blood clot. 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

Blood The cellular components are: 2/1/2019 Blood The cellular components are: red blood cells (erythrocytes) white blood cells (leukocytes) platelets (thrombocytes) Blood cells are formed in bone marrow http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.schneiderchildrenshospital.org/peds_html_fixed/images/ei_0062.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.schneiderchildrenshospital.org/peds_html_fixed/peds/hrnewborn/ovrblood.htm&h=550&w=530&sz=31&hl=en&start=103&um=1&tbnid=orcMjr9TtXenHM:&tbnh=133&tbnw=128&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dspongy%2Bbone%26start%3D100%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

Blood Red Blood Cell Characteristics (RBC)- Erythrocyte 2/1/2019 Blood Red Blood Cell Characteristics (RBC)- Erythrocyte Biconcave disks No nucleus Contain the iron based pigment hemoglobin which collects oxygen to transport it Life span about 120 days 5 billion/1mL of blood = most numerous Are very small 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

Blood White Blood Cell Characteristics (WBC)- Leukocyte 2/1/2019 Blood White Blood Cell Characteristics (WBC)- Leukocyte No definite shape Have nucleus Protect body against infection Life span varies (3 days-a few months) http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.itb.cnr.it/flex/images/D.0ce220a1911164afd50b/boraschi_1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.itb.cnr.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php3/L/UK/IDPagina/86/UT/systemPrint&h=334&w=450&sz=31&hl=en&start=8&um=1&tbnid=fX12w-H631c2EM:&tbnh=94&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmacrophages%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN 7,000/1mL of blood Numbers increase if infection is present Larger than RBC’s 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

Blood Types of white blood cells: Macrophage 2/1/2019 Blood Types of white blood cells: Macrophage http://www.colorado.edu/kines/Class/IPHY3430-200/image/figure11a.jpg http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/blood.gif&imgrefurl=http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/06circulatorysystem.html&h=540&w=720&sz=70&hl=en&start=129&um=1&tbnid=B1DRAhnggWJN0M:&tbnh=105&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dblood%2Bmoving%2Banimation%26start%3D120%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/illustrations/apoptosismacrophage.jpg;jsessionid=D41169A2FDEA5FD633E8456DB9ADDADD This diagram shows a cell dying on the left and the white blood cells (called macrophages) consume and digest what is left of the cell One function of a macrophage is to phagocytize (engulf and then digest) any disease-causing . 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

Blood Platelet Characteristics: Thrombocyte RBC fragments 2/1/2019 Blood Platelet Characteristics: Thrombocyte RBC fragments Irregularly shaped No nucleus 150,000-400,000/1mL Life span about 7-11 days Have a sticky surface Responsible for blood clotting (injury healing) http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.gcarlson.com/images/cellular_platelets.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.gcarlson.com/cellular_platelets.htm&h=371&w=364&sz=65&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=VFRtHWwfxjGQZM:&tbnh=122&tbnw=120&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplatelets%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLB,GGLB:1969-53,GGLB:en%26sa%3DN 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

Platelets Platelets come to the rescue when you injure your skin 2/1/2019 Platelets Platelets come to the rescue when you injure your skin Platelets produce tiny fibres to form a net. This net traps other blood cells to form a blood clot. We call this a “scab”. 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

Blood Red blood cells and platelets are the most numerous. 2/1/2019 Blood Red blood cells and platelets are the most numerous. Of the leukocytes, neutrophils are the most numerous Lymphocytes are the predominant cell type responsible for immune responses. 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

Blood Types of white blood cells: Monocytes are the largest 2/1/2019 Blood Types of white blood cells: Monocytes are the largest Neutrophils are the most numerous Lymphocytes are produced by the lymph tissue Basophils release histamines 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC

Blood B L F O O R D M A C T E I N 2/1/2019 http://www.gpc.edu/~jaliff/blcells.gif http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week10/blood.gif 01/02/2019 Dr Tayyaba Faisal Anatomy Dept AMC