The Greeks believed there were four elements.

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Presentation transcript:

The Greeks believed there were four elements. The Beginnings early practical chemistry: household goods, weapons, soap, wine, basic medicine The Greeks believed there were four elements. ~ D D ___ D ___ earth air fire water

Timeline Greeks (Democratus ~450 BC) Discontinuous theory of matter ALCHEMY Issac Newton (1642 - 1727) 400 BC 300 AD 1000 2000 Greeks (Aristotle ~350 BC)) Continuous theory of matter American Independence (1776)

Allegedly, this substance would turn cheap metals into gold. Alchemy In Europe, alchemy was the quest for the Philosopher’s Stone (the elixir, the Sorcerer’s Stone). Allegedly, this substance would turn cheap metals into gold.

changing one substance into another transmutation changing one substance into another COPPER GOLD  Philosopher’s Stone The identity of an element is determined by the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom. To change one element into another element requires changing the nucleus of the atom. Changing the nucleus of an atom can occur in nuclear reactions (e.g. nuclear power plants, atomic bombs) but not during chemical reactions. In chemical reactions atoms are rearranged into new combination. Atoms do not change from one element to another - only new combinations of atoms are formed. In ordinary chemical reactions, we cannot transmute elements into different elements.

Early Ideas on Elements Robert Boyle stated... A substance was an element unless it could be broken down to two or more simpler substances. Air therefore could not be an element because it could be broken down in to many pure substances. Robert Boyle

Alchemy After that 'chemistry' was ruled by alchemy. They believed that that could take any cheap metals and turn them into gold. Alchemists were almost like magicians. elixirs, physical immortality

Alchemy Symbols Alchemy Symbols

Alchemy Alchemical symbols for substances… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GOLD SILVER COPPER IRON SAND transmutation: changing one substance into another D In ordinary chemistry, we cannot transmute elements.

Alchemy (~500 – 1300 A.D.) the quest for the Philosopher’s Stone It was supposed to change cheap metals into gold. The Alchemist, by David Teniers Alchemical symbols for substances… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SAND IRON GOLD SILVER COPPER transmutation: changing one substance into another In ordinary chemistry, we cannot transmute elements. Contributions of alchemists: lab apparatus / procedures how to make some alloys properties of some elements

Alchemy was practiced in many regions of the world, including China and the Middle East. Alchemy arrived in western Europe around the year 500 C.E. Modern chemistry evolved from alchemy.

Contributions of alchemists: Information about elements - the elements mercury, sulfur, and antimony were discovered - properties of some elements Develop lab apparatus / procedures / experimental techniques - alchemists learned how to prepare acids. - developed several alloys - new glassware