“The American Dream” “What is the American Dream?” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNtKt1WQcZ4 (1) In your opinion, “What is the American Dream?” (2) What do you think about the responses from the video?

Write the following questions in your notebooks, in preparation for a short video clip from “America: The Story of Us – Cities” (16:00 – 39:00): (1) To what did the name “roughnecks” refer? (2) Two out of five “roughnecks” … (3) What makes the innovation of skyscrapers possible? (4) What was the Rogues Gallery, which was made famous by detective, Thomas Byrnes? (5) Describe the problems of cities, and the efforts of George Waring and Jacob Riis. (6) Describe Thomas Edison’s big invention.

Skyscrapers Become Possible Elisha Otis – first “safe” elevator Steel Frame Buildings

Tenements

How the Other Half Lives Jacob Riis

“The American Dream” “What is the American Dream?” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNtKt1WQcZ4 (1) In your opinion, “What is the American Dream?” (2) What do you think about the responses from the video?

Horatio Alger stories … Individualism …

Read the selection from a Horatio Alger story, from “The World Before Him” and answer these questions on the PowerPoint slide in your notes. 1 – What major ideas are in this Horatio Alger story? 2 – How does this support the idea of the “American Dream?”

How were these men successful? Generalizations?

The West

** Capitalist Revolution “2nd Industrial Revolution” & “The Gilded Age” 1860s 1870 1890 1900 ** Capitalist Revolution Important things to understand about this era in U.S. History: ** Time of Individualism 1862 - Legislation developing the West: Homestead Act, Land Grant Act, Pacific Railway Act 1870’s and 1880’s - Settling the Plains 1860’s and 1870’s - “Rise of Big Business” – Vanderbilt, Carnegie, Morgan, Rockefeller, etc. 1870’s to 1890’s - American Politics / an Age of Corruption & the Political Urban Machine

Rugged Individualism: “Success in life is pretty much determined by forces outside of your control.” Pew Global Attitudes Survey, 44 nations, 2002. Nigeria: 32% disagree South Africa: 24% disagree India: 14% disagree

“Success in life is pretty much determined by forces outside of your control.” Japan: 52% disagree Egypt: 42% disagree Jordan: 39% disagree Turkey: 17% disagree Uzbekistan; 36% disagree China: 25% disagree

United States: 65% disagree “Success in life is pretty much determined by forces outside of your control.” Great Britain: 48% disagree France: 44% disagree Germany: 31% disagree Poland: 29% disagree Ukraine: 35% disagree Russia: 36% disagree United States: 65% disagree

What’s the proper role of the state (government)? “It is the responsibility of the (state or government) to take care of very poor people who can’t take care of themselves.” % Completely Agree…. Turkey: 73% agree Uzbekistan: 70% agree India: 74% agree

“It is the responsibility of the (state or government) to take care of very poor people who can’t take care of themselves.” % completely agree Great Britain: 59% agree Germany: 45% agree Poland: 59% agree Ukraine: 57% agree Russia: 70% agree United States: 29% agree

Individualism

What do you notice in the data? % of Workers in U.S. Economy % of Entire U.S. Economy Year Agriculture Industry Services 1840 68 12 20 47 21 31 1850 60 17 23 42 29 1860 56 19 25 38 28 34 1870 53 22 35 1880 52 32 1890 43 26 41 37 1900 40 33 39

The Second Industrial Revolution (1870 – 1914) An era of unprecedented economic growth in the U.S. By 1900, the U.S. becomes the world’s largest economy, producing 35% of the world’s manufactured goods.

Growth of Urban America ** The term “urbanized area” denotes an urban area of 50,000 or more people. ** About 82% of U.S. pop. lives within “urbanized area” (Dec., 2010). 1860 – 20% urban 1900 – 40% urban 1920 – 51% urban

Age of Steel Bessemer Process … Railroads Farm Equipment Skyscrapers Suspension Bridges

Urbanization 1 Jan 1883 - The Brooklyn Bridge, completed in 1883, linking Manhattan to Brooklyn 1 Jan 1885 – Chicago’s Home Insurance Building, called a “skyscraper,” because its top seemed to touch the sky 1 Jan 1887 – First electric street car, Richmond, VA. 1890 – 1 in 3 American live in cities

Age of Electricity Assembly Lines Factory Lighting Electric street cars Soon, other advances because of electricity

Benefits from Electricity The average work week declines: 69.7 hours per week in 1860 (includes farming) 61.7 hours in 1890 54.9 hours in 1910 ** Eventually, more recreation & longer days of activity!! Reasons: Electrically powered assembly line More consistent form of energy & lighting Multiple working shifts

Rise in Recreation Opportunities Ashley

Rise of Popular Entertainment People divide their time between “work and going home” and “going out.” Amusement Parks Vaudeville and ragtime “Saloon Culture” New York’s Coney Island

Urban Planning - Creating “havens” in the middle of busy cities to improve “live-ability.” Frederick Law Olmsted created New York’s Central Park Daniel Burnham created Chicago’s Navy Pier

More Leisure and Snacks - Susan B. Anthony once said, … “I think bicycling has done more to emancipate the woman than anything else in the world … it gives women a feeling of freedom and self-reliance.” - Bicycle becomes safer … - Tennis arrives to America in 1874 … - Hershey’s Chocolate Bar … - Coca-Cola … Swift Safety Bicycle

Revolution in Printing - Revolution in printing led to an increase in literacy to 90% - Various advances in printing … - Linotype - Paper from pulp - Printing on both sides of paper - Increased proliferation of various print media … - Mass circulation of newspapers … Pulitzer vs. Linotype Machine Randolph Hearst