Lesson 3 The End of World War I World War I and the 1920s (1914-1929) Lesson 3 The End of World War I

Lesson 3 The End of World War I World War I and the 1920s (1914-1929) Lesson 3 The End of World War I Learning Objectives Understand the contributions of the American Expeditionary Force to the Allied victory in World War I. Describe the issues raised by President Wilson’s Fourteen Points. Analyze the decisions made at the Paris Peace Conference and included in the Treaty of Versailles. Evaluate the pros and cons of U.S. participation in the League of Nations. Explain why the U.S. Senate did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles. convoy Vladimir Lenin John J. Pershing American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) Fourteen Points self-determination League of Nations Henry Cabot Lodge reparations, influenza “irreconcilables,” “reservationists,”

America Joins the Fighting USA and WWI European powers were unsure about the USA Ethnic divisions, commitment of troops, raise a military? Germany hoped to end the war before USA joined Battle for the seas German unrestricted Submarine Warfare – limited USA’s ability to ship goods to European Allies (Freedom of the Seas) Convoy System – Naval ships protect merchant ships War ends on Eastern Front Russian Revolution – 1917 Vladimir Lenin – led a communist revolution in Russia Russia became Communist (USSR) War between Russia and Germany ended Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (3-3-1918)

USA and WWI War on the Western Front increases Alvin York America not fully ready to join the fight General John J. Pershing led a group called the American Expeditionary Force.- this was a group of newly trained, rural farm boys that got called in to fight Germany wanted to end the war before USA could join the fight USA helped the Allies (France/Britain) with each German Attack Alvin York Medal of Honor Recipient Destroyed a German Machine Gun Nest Conscientious Objector Against the idea of war, but needed money to start a Bible School 1941 Movie “Sergeant York”

America Joins the Fighting Analyze Maps Why did Germany ask for peace while they still controlled most of Belgium and northeast France?

The Collapse Of Germany: Germany’s partner, Austria-Hungary, finally surrendered to the allies Allied forces reinforced by American Soldiers Other revolts followed, and Germany was too exhausted to continue Soldiers started to mutiny So at the eleventh hour, on the eleventh day, of the eleventh month of 1918, Germany signed a truce ending the Great War Armistice Nov. 11 1918.

America Joins the Fighting Analyze Charts Which side, the Allies or the Central Powers, paid the highest price in terms of human lives during World War I?

The Final Toll: WW I was the bloodiest war in history up to that time. “War to end All Wars” Deaths numbered about 22 million. (more than half were civilians) 20 million additional people were wounded. The cost of the war was around $338 billion. The US lost 48,000 men in battle and another 62,000 from disease.

Wilson Wants “Peace Without Victory” WWI Ends Russia’s view on the War : Imperialism and Alliances Could lead to more greed and retaliation Wilson + USA – Freedom and Democracy “Peace without Victory” Wilson’s 14 Pts. Peace based on noble ideas and not revenge Included in his “points” were: No secret treaties Freedom of the Seas More free trade Reduction of arms Less colonialism League of Nations to promote peace Self Determination Right of the people to chose their own government Many new nations start to form “mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity”

Analyze Charts How did Wilson’s Fourteen Points aim to reduce the potential for future wars to develop?

The Paris Peace Conference USA and Allies have different ideas Allies wanted to blame Germany for WWI “War Guilt Clause” Germany forced to pay reparations Weak Germany = Peace in Europe Allies Reject Wilson’s ideas Britain – David Lloyd-George Citizens expected victory France – Georges Clemenceau Punish Germany + Return many German colonies Italy – Vittorio Orlando 14 points rejected… Freedom of the seas Free Trade Liberate colonial empires

America Rejects the Treaty of Versailles League of Nations World Organization where countries can gather to solve world issues. Wilson optimistic towards peace Many American citizens felt the treaty was too harsh towards Germany Didn’t create enough independent nations (Ireland) Congress Rejects Treaty/League of Nations Senators wanted America to go back to being isolated Article 10 Mutual defense agreement Draw America into European affairs

America Rejects the Treaty of Versailles Analyze Charts What was the primary difference between reservationists and irreconcilables?

America Rejects the Treaty of Versailles The spread of the influenza pandemic from 1918 to 1919 left millions dead worldwide, creating a sense of dread among peoples of all nations. Pictured are soldiers at an army hospital in Kansas.